2,959 research outputs found
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BREWERY SPENT GRAINS IN DIETARY PROTEIN FORMULATION IN DONRYU RATS
The increasing production of large tonnage of products in brewing industries continually generates lots of solid waste which includes spent grains, surplus yeast, malt sprout and cullet. The disposal of spent grains is often a problem and poses major health and environmental challenges, thereby making it imminently necessary to explore alternatives for its management. This paper focuses on investigating the effects of Brewery Spent Grain formulated diet on haematological, biochemical, histological and growth performance of Donryu rats. The rats were allocated into six dietary treatment groups and fed on a short-term study with diet containing graded levels of spent grains from 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 100% weight/weight. The outcome demonstrated that formulated diet had a positive effect on the growth performance of the rats up to levels of 6% inclusions, while the haematological and biochemical evaluation revealed that threshold limit should not exceed 9% of the grain. However, the histological study on the liver indicated a limit of 3% inclusion in feed without serious adverse effect. Thus invariably showing that blend between ranges 1-3% is appropriate for the utilization of the waste in human food without adverse effect on the liver organ. The economic advantage accruing from this waste conversion process not only solves problem of waste disposal but also handle issues of malnutrition in feeding ration
Microwave assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-quinoxalinone-3-hydrazone derivatives
A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of various 2-quinoxalinone-3-hydrazone derivatives using microwave irradiation technique. The series of 2-quinoxalinone-3-hydrazone derivatives synthesized, were structurally confirmed by analytical and spectral data and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. The results showed that this skeletal framework exhibited marked potency as antimicrobial agents. The most active antibacterial agent was 3-{2-[1-(6-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl}quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, 7 while 3-[2-(propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, 2 appeared to be the most active antifungal agent
Lead accumulation by hammerhead shark, Sphyrna couardi (C.) off Lagos coast, Nigeria
Levels of concentration of lead in the hammerhead shark, Sphyrna couardi, off the Lagos Coast of Nigeria were investigated. The standard length of the specimens examined ranged from 31.4cm to 47.2cm while the weights ranged from 451.5 to 1,667g. The lead concentration ranged from 0.11 degree kg/G to 0.38 degree kg/G. The mean lead concentration was 0.56 degree kg/G (dry weight). The gill has the highest lead concentration. There was no linear correlation between the length and weight and the amount of lead concentrate
Evaluation and analysis of noise levels in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria
Evaluation and analysis of noise pollution
levels have been carried out to determine the
level of noise and its sources in Ilorin metropolis.
Noise measurements have been done in the
morning, at noon, in the evening, and at night
to determine noise pollution all over the city.
The selected areas of study are commercial centers,
road junctions/busy roads, passenger loading
parks, and high-density and low-density residential
areas. The road junctions had the highest noise
pollution levels, followed by commercial centers.
The results of this study show that the noise levels
in Ilorin metropolis exceeded allowed values at
30 of 42 measurements points. There is a significant
difference (P < 0.05) in the noise pollution
levels and traffic noise index in all the locations.
From the measured noise values, a map of noise
pollution was developed for Ilorin. Many solutions
proposed for noise abatement in the city are
set out
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME PYRAZOL-1-YLQUINOXALIN-2(1H)-ONE DERIVATIVES
3-Hydrazinoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one was prepared from quinoxaline-2,3-dione and subsequently used for the synthesis of some potentially biologically active 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives. While 3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one showed a comparative effect with streptomycin, 3-(5-oxo-3-phenyl-4,5-di- hydropyrazol-1-yl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one was found to be the most active with an MIC value of 7.8 μg/ml
Physical characterisation of some honey samples from North-Central Nigeria
Some physicochemical properties (water content, sugar content, viscosity, pH and conductivity) were determined for honey samples from North-Central Nigeria to evaluate their global behaviour and comparison with other honey samples. The water content and sugar content varied within the range of (18.22 - 36.82%) and (63.82 - 80.25%)respectively. The pH increased with increase in water content and the conductivities of the samples had correlation with proportion of minor constituents in the honey samples. The relationship among water content (w), temperature (t) and viscosity (η) for different honey
samples of may be represented as η = 17.678× 1000 exp (-0.32w - 0.088t). The temperature dependence of viscosity was evaluated with Arrhenius model, the activation energy with value of 70.07 kJ/g is fairly unaffected by moisture content
Anomaly Effects of Arrays for 3d Geoelectrical Resistivity Imaging using Orthogonal or Parallel 2d Profiles
The effectiveness of using a net of orthogonal or parallel sets of two-dimensional (2D) profiles for threedimensional
(3D) geoelectrical resistivity imaging has been evaluated. A series of 2D apparent
resistivity data were generated over two synthetic models which represent geological or environmental
conditions for a typical weathered profile and waste dump site, respectively, commonly associated with
geophysical applications for hydrogeological, environmental and engineering investigations. Several
minimum electrode separations and inter-line spacing were used to generate the apparent resistivity
data for each electrode array with a view to determining the optimum inter-line spacing relative to the
minimum electrode separation. The 2D apparent resistivity data for each array were collated to 3D data
sets. The effectiveness and efficiency of the arrays in 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging were
evaluated by determining the mean absolute anomaly effects of the electrodes arrays on the synthetic
models. The anomaly effects observed in dipole-dipole (DDP), pole-dipole (PDP) and Wenner-
Schlumberger (WSC) arrays were generally larger than that observed in other arrays considered. The
least anomaly effect on the synthetic models was observed in pole-pole (PP) array. This indicates that
DDP, PDP and WSC arrays are more sensitive to 3D features. In all the arrays, the anomaly effects
observed in the data set generated using the conventional square grids were slightly larger than those
from parallel or orthogonal 2D profiles. This slight increase is attributed to the increased data density
and is insignificant when compared with those of parallel and orthogonal 2D profiles. Hence, the use of
parallel or orthogonal 2D profiles for 3D geoelectrical resistivity survey is effective
Peace research in non-violence contexts: a case study among the Southwest Nigerian Yorùbá
I analyse the abilities of peaceful communities to maintain harmony by making a case study of the Southwest Nigerian Yorùbá in this research. I examine the potential of Yorùbá Christians and Muslims to manage their disputes, crises, and conflicts to avoid violence and maintain peace within their host Yorùbá culture, religion, and values. The qualitative method of inquiry used here involved focus groups and interviews to generate primary data, which I analysed with thick description.
One of the main findings showed that the existing Ẹbà (family) theory among the Yorùbá played a significant role in sustaining peace. This theory focuses on the idea of family as the means to keep the Yorùbá in harmony during conflicts. This study, however, further found that the idea of the family alone was insufficient for dealing with the complexity of conflict situations. In addition to the family theory, the Yorùbá Muslims and Christians use other features within the Yorùbá culture, religion, and social life in creative and positive ways to maintain harmony. Such abilities do not exonerate the Yorùbá from occasional conflicts as in many human societies, but they are positive illustrations of their potential to keep the peace. Could these abilities of the Yorùbá meet the requirements of peaceful societies and be given recognition by scholars?
This work, although being a research in peace studies also has relevance for anthropology, Christian-Muslim relations, cultural and African studies. Future studies can focus more communities for a better understanding of peace as a contribution to peace and conflict studies
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Gas Turbine Power Plant Modelled with an Evaporative Cooler
Performance of a gas turbine is mainly depends on the inlet air temperature. The power output of a
gas turbine depends on the flow of mass through it. Inlet air cooling increases the power output by
taking advantage of the gas turbine’s feature of higher mass flow rate when the compressor inlet
temperature decreases. This is precisely the reason why on hot days, when air is less dense, power
output falls off. A rise of 1°C temperature of inlet air decreases the power output by 1%. In this paper
the performance enhancement of gas turbine power plants by cooling the compressor intake air with
an evaporative cooler is studied. This study investigated the effect of inlet air cooling system on the
performance of an existing gas turbine power plant in Nigeria. The results show that for each 5oC
decrease of inlet air temperature, net output power increases around 5-10% and the first and second
law efficiencies increase around 2-5%. It is shown that the amount of this increase is higher when the
pressure ratio is high and turbine inlet temperature is low. The results of this study shows that
retrofitting of the existing gas turbine plant with inlet air cooling system gives a better system
performance and may prove to be an attractive investment opportunity to the Nigeria government and
stakeholders of the plant
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