Neonatal Death in Sub-Saharan Africa and Associated Maternal Interpersonal Socio-cultural Factors

Several factors have been attributed to high neonatal death from studies. However, few studies that have examined mothers’ social factors have limits those factors on education, type of place of residence and income. This study extends on findings from previous studies, using DHS survey data conducted in 2013 in Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone to examine the association between maternal socio-cultural factors and neonatal death. The result of weighted multilevel logistic regression analysis, show that the residing in rural area (OR=0.110, 95% CI=1.116-1.11, Islamic religion (OR=0.091, 95% CI=1.096-1.096), having co-wives (OR=0.105, 95% CI=1.110-1.111), justifying beating for going out without telling husband (OR=0.034, 95% CI=1.035-1.035) and justifying beating for refusing sex (OR=0.122, 95% CI=1.129-1.130)  were significantly more likely to report neonatal death. After adjusting for age, education and wealth, all these factors continued to be significant predictors of neonatal death. Though, the odd of neonatal death is less with age and education. The present study shows relative influence of multiple, interrelated maternal socio-cultural factors on neonatal death and confirm our hypothesis that women context indirectly influences neonatal outcome

Maternal mortality and maternal health care in Nigeria : implications for socio-economic development

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancy-related death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many nations of the world, especially in the African countries of the sub-Saharan regions caused by factors which include a low level of socioeconomic development. AIM: This paper focuses on cogent issues affecting maternal mortality by unpacking its precipitating factors and examining the maternal health care system in Nigeria. METHODS: Contemporary works of literature were reviewed, and the functionalist perspective served as a theoretical guide to examine the interrelated functions of several sectors of the society to the outcome of maternal mortality. RESULTS: It was noted that apart from the medical related causes (direct and indirect) of maternal mortality, certain socio-cultural and socioeconomic factors influence the outcome of pregnancy. Also, a poor health care system, which is a consequent of weak social structure, is a contributing factor. CONCLUSION: As a result, maternal mortality has debilitating effects on the socioeconomic development of any nation. It is therefore pertinent for the government to improve maternal health and eradicate poverty to ensure sustainable development

Barreras a la utilización de los servicios de salud mental en el sureste de Nigeria: las implicaciones de género

Ease of access to healthcare facilities was presented as a major factor in the use of healthcare services in developing countries, particularly Nigeria. Many interacting factors, including access, availability, gender referral practices, and help-seeking preferences, affect the use of mental healthcare services. Although there are studies on the use of mental health services, gender differentials have received little attention. Therefore, this study examined gender dimensions in the use of mental health services in South West, Nigeria, using triangulated qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The data were based on a cross-sectional community survey and four neuropsychiatric hospitals in Nigeria’s Ogun State. The sample was 967 randomly selected adults. Five in-depth interviews were conducted among caregivers of mentally ill persons (PLWMI) residing in the study area (those receiving treatment and those recovering). Using descriptive and inferential statistics, quantitative data were analyzed while content was analyzed. Results from this study showed that the respondents’ average age was 22.2 years. Of the total, 52.2 percent were female, while 45.8 percent were male. On the use of mental health services, 26.4 percent and 73.6 percent of male and female respondents, respectively, indicated that the use of mental health services was hampered by funding. From the study, it can be concluded that women are more intoned with the reality of their dependents’ disease condition as they bear more of both the financial (73.6 percent) and emotional burden of managing people living with mental illness (PLWMI).La facilidad de acceso a los centros de atención de salud se presentó como un factor importante en el uso de los servicios de atención sanitaria en los países en desarrollo, particularmente en Nigeria. Muchos factores que interactúan, incluido el acceso, la disponibilidad, las prácticas de referencia de género y las preferencias de búsqueda de ayuda, afectan el uso de los servicios de salud mental. Aunque existen estudios sobre el uso de los servicios de salud mental, las diferencias de género han recibido poca atención. Por lo tanto, este estudio examinó las dimensiones de género en el uso de los servicios de salud mental en el suroeste de Nigeria. Se utilizaron métodos triangulares de recopilación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los datos se basaron en una encuesta comunitaria transversal y en la información obtenida de cuatro hospitales neuropsiquiátricos en el estado de Ogun en Nigeria. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 967 adultos. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas en profundidad entre los cuidadores de personas con enfermedades mentales (PLWMI, por sus siglas en inglés) que residen en el área de estudio (las que reciben tratamiento y las que se recuperan). Utilizando estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales, se analizaron datos cuantitativos mientras se analizó el contenido. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la edad promedio de los encuestados fue de 22.2 años. Del total, el 52.2% eran mujeres, mientras que el 45.8% eran hombres. En cuanto al uso de los servicios de salud mental, el 26.4% y el 73,6% de los hombres y mujeres encuestados indicaron que el uso de los servicios de salud mental se vio obstaculizado por la financiación. Del estudio, se puede concluir que las mujeres están más en sintonía con la realidad de la enfermedad de sus dependientes, ya que soportan más la carga financiera (73.6%) y emocional de manejar a las personas que viven con una enfermedad mental (PLWMI, por sus siglas en inglés)

MEAN AGE OF MENARCHE AND THE PROBABILITY OF ATTAINING MENARCHE FOR NIGERIAN GIRLS

Different menarcheal ages have been reported in Nigeria. This work estimated the mean of age at menarche (MAM) in Nigeria from analysis of a systematic review of published articles that reported different MAMs. The MAM and median ages of menarche were estimated to be 13.54 and 13.44, with a standard deviation of 0.83. The mean age of menarche obtained was imputed in the probability density function (PDF) of the Poisson distribution which yielded probability of attaining menarche at 8 to 18 years. The result will present information for management and counselling of girls during menarcheal stages of their lives

Variations in Family Attitudes towards Coping with People Living with Mental Illness

BACKGROUND: The major challenge faced in Nigeria regarding the care of people living with mental illness are a stigma, caregiver burden and financial aid. This has led to high premature deaths and has also hindered the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 3 target 4. In an attempt to find lasting solutions to increased mortality caused by mental illness, it is important to evaluate family attitudes towards people living with mental illness.AIM: To examine variations in family attitudes towards coping with people living with mental illness in Nigeria.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty In-Depth Interview (IDI) were conducted among caregivers of people living with mental illness (those presently receiving treatment and those recovering). During all the interview sessions, field notes were taken. Responses from interviewees were transcribed and analysed with the aid of ‘systematic-content analysis.RESULTS: It found out that family members of people living with mental illness or caregivers usually suffer from stress and stigma, which affects adherence to treatment.CONCLUSION: Caregivers must have sufficient knowledge and support to assume the responsibilities of caring for the mentally ill, leading to recurrence. The caregiver remains in contact with professional healthcare workers and helps the mentally ill with decision-making and matters affecting their daily life

Awareness of Breast and Cervical Cancer among Women in the Informal Sector in Nigeria

BACKGROUND: There are no general consensuses on why the lifetime risk of dying from breast and cervical cancer in African is several times higher than that of developed countries. However, a notable window of opportunity for prevention and treatment are often wasted where there are little or no awareness and low level of screening. AIM: To specifically highlight the awareness, knowledge and determinants of participation in the screening exercise for possible prevention or control of the diseases. To also provide insights on the development of contextual and relevant timely detection for effective early interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in southern and northern geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The respondents, which consisted of 1,023 women aged 15-49 years, completed a 116-item questionnaire assessing the correlation between cancer awareness and participation in screening. Nineteen, In-depth interviews were also conducted for this study. The outcome measured included awareness of breast and cervical cancer, how it can be prevented or detected, and the availability and actual participation in screening exercises. RESULTS: While women are familiar with breast cancer, little is known about cervical cancer, and the awareness of the former is not correlated with participation in screening. The lack of enthusiasm to seek screening exercise is rooted in three key factors: lack of specific information, belief, economic and inadequate screening facilities. CONCLUSION: The study thus recommends that policies and programs aimed at the breast and cervical cancers awareness and early intervention should address the underlying problems

Neonatal Death in Sub-Saharan Africa and Associated Maternal Interpersonal Socio-cultural Factors

Several factors have been attributed to high neonatal death from studies. However, few studies that have examined mothers’ social factors have limits those factors on education, type of place of residence and income. This study extends on findings from previous studies, using DHS survey data conducted in 2013 in Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone to examine the association between maternal socio-cultural factors and neonatal death. The result of weighted multilevel logistic regression analysis, show that the residing in rural area (OR=0.110, 95% CI=1.116-1.11, Islamic religion (OR=0.091, 95% CI=1.096-1.096), having co-wives (OR=0.105, 95% CI=1.110-1.111), justifying beating for going out without telling husband (OR=0.034, 95% CI=1.035-1.035) and justifying beating for refusing sex (OR=0.122, 95% CI=1.129-1.130)  were significantly more likely to report neonatal death. After adjusting for age, education and wealth, all these factors continued to be significant predictors of neonatal death. Though, the odd of neonatal death is less with age and education. The present study shows relative influence of multiple, interrelated maternal socio-cultural factors on neonatal death and confirm our hypothesis that women context indirectly influences neonatal outcome

Gender differentials in the perception of mental illness among the Yoruba of Ogun state, Nigeria

Mental illness presents lots of challenges especially in Nigeria. There are various cultural factors that influence perceptions of people about mental illness. Although studies exist on perceptions of mental illness, little attention has been paid to gender differences. This study therefore examined gender differentials in the perception of mental illness among the Yoruba people of Ogun State, Nigeria. Labelling theory provided the theoretical framework. Nine hundred and sixty seven adults were randomly selected. Five In-depth Interviews were conducted among caregivers of people living with mental illness (those who are receiving treatment and those who have recovered) and nineteen Key Informant Interviews were conducted among orthodox practitioners and traditional healers. The study revealed that there were significant differences between men and women in the perception of mental illness. Stigmatisation and gender discrimination among People Living with Mental Illness (PLWMI) should be eradicated through government actions, advocacy and education.Keywords: Gender differentials, Mental illness, Treatment, Perception, Ogun Stat

Survey datasets on patterns of utilization of mental healthcare services among people living with mental illness

The data was obtained from a field survey aimed at measuring the patterns of utilization of mental healthcare services among people living with mental illness. The data was collected using a standardized and structured questionnaire from People Living with Mental Illness (PLMI) receiving treatment and the care-givers of People Living with Mental Illness. Three psychiatric hospitals in Ogun state, Nigeria were the population from which the samples were taken. Chi-square test of independence and correspondence analysis were used to present the data in analyzed form. Keywords: Survey, Utilization questionnaire, Survey analytics, Statistics, Mental health, Psychiatr