Weak convergence for variational inequalities with inertial-type method

Weak convergence of inertial iterative method for solving variational inequalities is the focus of this paper. The cost function is assumed to be non-Lipschitz and monotone. We propose a projection-type method with inertial terms and give weak convergence analysis under appropriate conditions. Some test results are performed and compared with relevant methods in the literature to show the efficiency and advantages given by our proposed methods

ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF MALARIA DYNAMICS WITH VIGILANT HUMAN COMPARTMENT

Abstract: A continuous-time and discrete-age-structured compartmental model for malaria transmission in a two-interacting human and mosquito populations is formulated. The model incorporates a class of vigilant humans who adhere to the malaria vector control measures of the World Health Organization with a view to preventing the human-mosquito contacts. An epidemiological threshold called the basic reproduction number of the model is derived and a qualitative analysis of the model is carried out to investigate the asymptotic stability of the equilibria. A locally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium at the basic reproduction number less than unity is proved via the analysis of characteristic equation. Whereas, the existence of a locally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium is established at the basic reproduction number greater than unity based on the use of center manifold theory of bifurcation. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the contributory effects of the model parameters on the transmission and spread of the malaria disease with respect to the basic reproduction number

Knowledge Management and the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

Existing studies in the knowledge management domain has shown little empirical linkages with performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector of developing economies, especially from the competency and innovation perspectives. Yet, these aspects are critical to sustaining SMEs’ competitiveness in these economies. This study, therefore, seeks to examine the link between knowledge management and performance of SMEs in Nigeria. A sample size of 286 respondents was determined for this research. The regression results revealed that knowledge management dimensions significantly influenced SMEs’ performance. Consequently, the study recommends that Mangers should ensure that the firm has a knowledge management policy and or strategy for acquiring knowledge about customers, competitors, intermediaries via reading and searching for new information on the internet/in newspapers/books. In addition, training programs and conferences should be organized for employees where qualified members and external experts are invited to speak about their beliefs, values and culture at various organizational functions which will lead to improved processes in the organization

A Robust Numerical Scheme for Solving Riesz-Tempered Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Equations

The Fractional Diffusion Equation (FDE) is a mathematical model that describes anomalous transport phenomena characterized by non-local and long-range dependencies which deviate from the traditional behavior of diffusion. Solving this equation numerically is challenging due to the need to discretize complicated integral operators which increase the computational costs. These complexities are exacerbated by nonlinear source terms, nonsmooth data and irregular domains. In this study, we propose a second order Exponential Time Differencing Finite Element Method (ETD-RDP-FEM) to efficiently solve nonlinear FDE, posed in irregular domains. This approach discretizes matrix exponentials using a rational function with real and distinct poles, resulting in an L-stable scheme that damps spurious oscillations caused by non-smooth initial data. The method is shown to outperform existing second-order methods for FDEs with a higher accuracy and faster computational time.Comment: 26 page

Improved Colorimetric Determination of Reserpine in Tablets Using 4-Caboxyl-2,6-dintrobenzene diazonium ion (CDNBD)

Purpose: To develop a simple, rapid and improved colorimetric method for the assay of reserpine in tablets Method: The method is based on the aromatic ring coupling of reserpine with 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene diazonium ion with the consequent formation of an azo adduct. Optimization of reaction conditions and validation were carried out and the method applied to assay of reserpine in tablets. Result: Reserpine coupled readily with CDNBD and optimization of experimental conditions showed the reaction to be completed in 10 min at room temperature. A 1:1 drug to reagent stoichiometric ratio was obtained for the azo adduct formed. The adduct exhibited a bathochromic shift with respect to the drug and pronounced hyperchromic shift with respect to the reagent. Sample analyses were done using a colorimeter at 470 nm. The assays were linear and reproducible over the concentration range of 2.25 -24 µg/mL. The new method was successfully applied in the assay of reserpine in tablets with a performance similar to the official (USP) spectrophotometric method (p > 0.05). This method represents a profound improvement on the previously reported colorimetric method for reserpine. Conclusion: The method developed is rapid and could find application in in-process quality control of reserpine. Keywords: Reserpine, colorimetry, 4-Caboxyl-2,6-dintrobenzene diazonium ion (CDNBD), diazo coupling > Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 (2) 2007: pp. 695-70

Caesarean section in second stage of labour: a commentary on principles and techniques

Caesarean section done at full cervical dilatation (second stage of labour) has been on the rise globally and comes with its own unique challenges and complications. This commentary highlights the peculiar challenges associated with caesarean section in second stage of labour and gives an overview on various principles to be followed and techniques to employ to reduce fetal and maternal morbidity

EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PUBLIC SECTOR FRAUD: EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

This study examines the relationship between fraud and employee motivation in the Kwara State public sector with a view to ascertain what will happen to fraud occurrence if good salary, allowances and perquisites, effective working hours, conducive environment, timely promotion are put in place. Multistage sampling technique was used in obtaining the primary data used from 870 respondents selected from 7 local governments in the state and were analysed using Ordinary Least Square Regression and Friedman ANOVA test but interpreted using R2, adjusted R2, Durbin Watson Statistics, F statistics and t statistics. The results show that employee motivational factors (salary, perquisites and regular promotion) can reduce fraud activities among the state employees; this is in consonance with theoretical expectations (Douglas McGregor’s theory Y, Abraham Maslow’s needs theory and Fredric Herzberg’s two-factor theory). Contrarily, allowances, conducive environment and training show a positive relationship with fraud and this is at variance with a-priori expectations. The study recommends that government should improve the working conditions of its employee including the provision of improved salary structure, prompt payment of entitlements and regular promotions as well as provided adequate training to motivate employees towards efficiency, commitment and inhibit fraud inclinations. If all these are in place and erring officials are made to face the full wrath of the law without bias, the state economy in particular and Nigeria economy in general will be better for it.Â