State and Hegemony in Nigeria: Implications for Environmental Politics

This paper analyses the implication of state and hegemony on environmental politics in Nigeria. It argues that Nigeria as a British colonial creation is essentially a capitalist system that was invertedly created because unlike Western systems, it is a capitalist system that is run by non-capitalists. This implies that in Nigeria, there is a palpable absence of the state which is a creation of capitalists to coordinate other superstructures. This then explains why the political class in Nigeria comprises of fractious groups that are too preoccupied with politics and material survival and as such do not have hegemony. The import of absence of the state and dearth of hegemony in Nigeria is that environmental politics is uncoordinated with cases of Niger Delta and farmers-herdsmen crises demonstrating this reality. The paper concludes hegemony-induced environmental governance can ensure nationalistic values which would treat environmental and related issues with the urgency they deserve

Applying restorative justice in resolving the farmers-herdsmen conflict in Nigeria

Farmers-herdsmen conf lict has become a recurring phenomenon in Nigeria. This article argues that the continuing occurrence of this conf lict can be explained by the non-application of restorative justice procedures by government when dealing with such conf lict. This has made the structuresof traditional conf lict resolution ineffective. The article concludes that the application of restorative justice as part of conf lict resolution mechanisms will more sustainably resolve the farmers-herders conf lict in the country, as well as enhance national security and development. Keywords: restorative justice, farmers-herdsmen conf lict, climate change, conflict resolution, Nigeri

Perceived Effectiveness of Radio Jingle in Combating the Spread of Corona Virus among Rural Dwellers in Ifo and Odeda Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria

The study investigated the perceived effectiveness of radio jingles in combating the spread of Corona Virus among rural dwellers in Ogun State Using a multistage sampling procedure, 150 rural dwellers were randomly sampled and interviewed. Data were analyzed using percentages, means and correlation analysis at p=0.05. Results indicated that respondents were mostly aware of caution messages ( = 0.93±0.25), adherence to all non-pharmaceuticals preventive measures ( = 0.92±0.26) and warnings on adherence to preventive measures ( = 0.91±0.28). Knowledge was mostly high around issues of wearing of face mask ( = 0.90±0.30), social distancing ( = 0.84±0.37) and health workers’ vulnerability (0.84±0.48). Benefits derived included debunking myths about the virus ( = 1.86±0.87) and improved personal hygiene ( = 1.65±0.70). The jingle was perceived as highly effective in sensitizing others about the pandemic ( = 2.92±1.70) and vaccine information ( = 2.79±1.10). There was a significant relationship between awareness level and the perceived effectiveness of radio jingle (r = 0.318). Radio jingle was perceived effective by the rural dwellers, therefore should be intensified by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control in combating corona virus and other issues of public health importance

Perceived Effectiveness of Radio Jingle in Combating the Spread of Corona Virus among Rural Dwellers in Ifo and Odeda Local Government Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria

The study investigated the perceived effectiveness of radio jingles in combating the spread of Corona Virus among rural dwellers in Ogun State Using a multistage sampling procedure, 150 rural dwellers were randomly sampled and interviewed. Data were analyzed using percentages, means and correlation analysis at p=0.05. Results indicated that respondents were mostly aware of caution messages ( = 0.93±0.25), adherence to all non-pharmaceuticals preventive measures ( = 0.92±0.26) and warnings on adherence to preventive measures ( = 0.91±0.28). Knowledge was mostly high around issues of wearing of face mask ( = 0.90±0.30), social distancing ( = 0.84±0.37) and health workers’ vulnerability (0.84±0.48). Benefits derived included debunking myths about the virus ( = 1.86±0.87) and improved personal hygiene ( = 1.65±0.70). The jingle was perceived as highly effective in sensitizing others about the pandemic ( = 2.92±1.70) and vaccine information ( = 2.79±1.10). There was a significant relationship between awareness level and the perceived effectiveness of radio jingle (r = 0.318). Radio jingle was perceived effective by the rural dwellers, therefore should be intensified by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control in combating corona virus and other issues of public health importance

A review of 413 salivary gland tumours in the head and neck region.

Objectives: Salivary gland tumours (SGTs) are a group of heterogeneous lesions with complex clinico-pathological characteristics and distinct biological behaviours. Previous studies have reported geographic variations in site distribution, incidence and histological types of SGTs. The aim of this study was to describe the demography of SGTs seen at a tertiary health centre and compare findings with previous studies. Study design: Data on SGTs from archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital Ibadan were retrieved. Information about histological types, age, sex and location were analyzed using SPSS for Window (version 20.0; SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). Reactive and tumor-like lesions such as sialometaplasia, benign lymphoepithelial lesion, lymphoepithelial cyst, mucocele, mucous extravasation phenomenon, ranula, and sialosis were excluded from the study. Results: 413 SGTs consisting of 221 (53.5%) malignant and 192 (46.5%) benign lesions were seen. SGTs occurred more in females (50.6%) than males (49.4%) with a mean age of 43.7 (±16.9) years and peak age in the fifth decade of life. The parotid with 171 (41.4%) cases was the commonest site, followed by palate with 89 (21.5%) cases, while only 7(1.7%) cases were seen in sublingual gland. Pleomorphic adenoma with 169 (40.9%) was the most frequent SGT followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma with 93 (22.5%) cases which also was the most frequent malignant SGT while only 3 (0.7%) cases of Warthin's tumour were seen. Conclusion: This report is one of few that showed a higher occurrence of malignant SGTs compared to their benign counterparts. The findings were essentially similar to findings in Africa but showed SGTs to be more common in females. The reason(s) for high occurrence of malignant SGTs in minor salivary glands and the rarity of Warthins tumour in this study and other African series compared to those from America needs further investigation

HEMATOLOŠKI PARAMETRI U TOVU NIGERIJSKIH DOMAĆIH PILIĆA HRANJENIH RAZLIČITIM UDJELIMA POGAČE PALMINOGA SJEMENA

The effect of feeding varying dietary levels of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) on the haematological parameters of the Nigerian local grower chicken was investigated. Sixty (60) nine-week old local chickens were randomly allotted to five experimental diets at four birds per three replicates. Five isonitrogenous (17% CP) grower diets containing 2,813 to 3,070 Kcal ME/kg with varying levels of 10, 15, 20 and 25% PKC used to replace maize and soybean in diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were formulated respectively. Diet 1 without PKC (0% PKC) was the control. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum for ten weeks. Packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell, platelets, heterophil and eosinophil were similar (p>0.05) among birds across diets whereas variations in white blood cell (15.95 to 19.53 x 106/mm3), lymphocytes (60.00 to 67.00%) and monocytes (0.67 to 2.00%) were significant (p0.05) u svim skupinama pilića, ali su promjene u bijelim krvnim stanicama (15.95 do 19.53 x 106 /mm3), limfocitima (60.00 do 67.00%) i monocitima (0.67 do 2.00%) bile signifikantne (p<0.05). Hematološki parametri bili su u granicama normale za zdrave piliće. Dodatak pogače palminoga sjemena do 25% u hranu nigerijskih domaćih pilića nije negativno utjecao na hematologiju

Information Needs of Cassava Farmer-Processors on Cassava Value Addition Technologies in Oyo State, Nigeria

The rapidly expanding end-use markets for cassava implies a surge in the production and processing of cassava roots into various value-added forms. This study investigated the information needs of cassava farmers on cassava value addition technologies in Oyo State, Nigeria, to ascertain areas of information gap for farmers to maximally exploit the opportunities inherent in the product value addition. Using a multistage sampling procedure, 130 registered cassava farmers were sampled and interviewed. Data were collected on respondents’ personal and enterprise characteristics, access to information, perceived benefits and constraints to accessing information and information needs on cassava value addition. Data were analysed using percentages, means and correlational analysis at p=0.05. Results indicate that respondents were married (91.5%), with mean farm size and farming experience of 2.3 ha and 20.1±13.8 years, respectively, while fellow farmers ranked first as major source of information. Though respondents were constrained with low income (70.0%), they reckoned that if they had access to information on value addition, their postharvest loss will be reduced (89.2%). Respondents had information gap on information needs on cassava adhesives (1st), glucose syrups (2nd) and confectionaries (3rd). Farming experience (r = -.236), constraints (r = -.288) and access to sources of information were significantly related to respondents’ information needs. It is recommended that information on improved cassava value addition technologies be made available to cassava farmers through relevant sources, especially during emergencies coupled with hands –on training for effective application of information acquired. Keywords: Information needs, Information sources, Access to information, Cassava value addition technologies