Inaccessibility and low maintenance of medical data archive in low-middle income countries: Mystery behind public health statistics and measures

Africa bears the largest burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases globally, yet it contributes only about 1 % of global research output, partly because of inaccessibility and low maintenance of medical data. Data is widely recognized as a crucial tool for improvement of population health. Despite the introduction of electronic health data systems in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) to improve data quality, some LMICs still lack an efficient system to collect and archive data. This study aims to examine the underlying causes of data archive inaccessibility and poor maintenance in LMICS, and to highlight sustainable mitigation measures. Method Authors conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Google scholar, organization websites using the search string “data archive” or “medical data” or “public health statistics” AND “challenges” AND “maintenance” AND “Low Middle Income Countries” or “LMIC”. to Identify relevant studies and reports to be included in our review. All articles related data archive in low and middle income countries were considered without restrictions due to scarcity of data. Result Medical data archives in LMICs face challenges impacting data quality. Insufficient training, organizational constraints, and limited infrastructure hinder archive maintenance. To improve, support for public datasets, digital literacy, and technology infrastructure is needed. Standardization, cloud solutions, and advanced technologies can enhance data management, while capacity building and training programs are crucial. Conclusion The creation and maintenance of data archives to facilitate the storage of retrospective datasets is critical to create reliable and consistent data to better equip the development of resilient health systems and surveillance of diseases in LMICs

Organic Geochemical Analysis of Shaly Facies from Two Wells Within Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria

Organic geochemical analysis of two selected wells penetrating shale facies of the Anambra basin was conducted with the view of evaluating the section in terms of quantity and quality of organic matter, genetic potential, organic matter type, thermal maturity as well as determining the type of hydrocarbon that could be generated. Geochemical parameters such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC), S1 (representing free and adsorbed hydrocarbons present), S2 (representing hydrocarbons generated directly from the kerogen), S3 (carbon dioxide CO2 present) and maximum temperature (Tmax) as well as Hydrogen Index (HI), Oxygen Index (OI), Production Index (PI) and Genetic Potential (GP) were derived and calculated from the pyrolysis data. Result indicated that Well 1 samples have an average TOC of 1.21 wt % which is considered good in organic matter quantity and fair in quality, while Well 2 samples are organically lean, poor in quantity and quality with average TOC value of 0.15 wt %. The Genetic Potential (GP) expressed as (S1+S2) for Well 1 and Well 2 averages 2.03 and 0.68 mg HC/g respectively, indicating, a poor generational potential. The HI, OI and S2/S3 values of Well 1 samples are 146.56 mg HC/g, 226.78 mg HC/g and 0.86 respectively which on plots suggest the kerogen as type IV although few samples fall within the type III area. This contrasts with Well 2 samples having HI, OI and S2/S3 values as 343.67 mg HC/g, 276.78 mg HC/g and 1.26 respectively. Thus making the kerogen type to be interpreted as type III. Judging from Tmax (average of 441.67°C for Well 1 and 470.44°C for Well 2) and PI (average of 0.13 for Well 1 and 0.24 for Well 2) values, Well 1 samples are within the oil generating window whereas Well 2 samples are overmatured generating dry gas. Deductions from the result of geochemical analysis show that the kerogen of Well 1 samples will generate oil while that of Well 2 samples have propensity to generate dry gas