Metal Extraction with Ionic Liquids-Based Aqueous Two-Phase System

Although ionic liquids (ILs) have excellent properties, their use as extractants in solvent extraction has not completely overcome the problems encountered when organic solvents are used. In conventional solvent extraction, a hydrophobic IL should be used to establish an IL/water biphasic system to replace the conventional organic solvent with ILs. However, the number of water-immiscible ILs is currently limited, and most contain fluorinated anions which are expensive and environmentally nonbenign. Furthermore, the use of an organic solvent as a diluent agent cannot be avoided because of the very high viscosity of ILs. An IL-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) can overcome these drawbacks. This chapter summarizes the use of an IL-based ATPS for the separation of metals used in various areas of human life

Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes for Metal Separation

Metals are widely used in various areas of human life, and their existence in the environment at high concentrations has become a cause for concern. Metals can enter the human body and disturb the human metabolic system. Therefore, research to recover metals from their matrix both from industrial wastewater and from ores or scraps containing metals is of great importance. One of the separation techniques proposed to overcome those issues involves using supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs). This chapter summarizes the recovery of metals using SILM. In SILM, an ionic liquid that acts as an extractant is embedded in small pores of a polymer support. The latest type of physical impregnation of ionic liquid, which is the type most commonly used in metal separation, is called polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). PIMs were prepared by casting a solution containing an ionic liquid, a plasticizer and a base polymer to form a thin, flexible and stable film. A PIM including ionic liquids has a similar configuration to SILM, and it is considered to be a kind of SILM. In this chapter, effects on the stability and selectivity in SILM and PIM for metal separation are reviewed

Extraction of Au(III), Pt(IV), and Pd(II) from Aqueous Media with Deep Eutectic Solvent Dissolved in <i>n</i>-Heptane as Extractant

Due to the scarcity, studying precious metals extraction such as gold, platinum, and palladium is very critical. Solvent extraction is one of the established methods due to its simplicity and quickness but the low operational cost. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of decanoic acid and lidocaine in the molar ratio of 2:1 was applied as an extractant to extract Au(III), Pt(IV), and Pd(II) from aqueous media. Au(III) was solvated and extracted with DES in the form of AuCl3. Pd(II) was extracted by the cation exchange reaction between Pd2+ and H+. Complete extraction of Au(III) 98.2% and Pd(II) 100% can be achieved using 500 and 300 g/L DES, respectively. This finding opens new opportunities for improving Au(III) and Pd(II) extraction using an environmental friendly and inexpensive extractant

Mono Acyl Glycerol Compound Synthesis Through Partial Transesterification Of Castor Oil (Ricinus communis L.) using KOH as Catalyst

It has been done a study of mono acyl glycerol compound synthesis through partial transesterification of castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) using KOH as catalyst. The product of mono acyl glycerol obtained is 45.4 % with the ratio between castor oil triglyceride and methanol 1:2 at 35 0C temperature with the amount of catalyst 0.5 % (b/b) from the reactant total weight and the reaction time 30 minutes. In this research, it was done a compound characterization using, TLC, FTIR and LC MS to prove the success of targeting compound has been synthesized

ANTIBACTERIAL AND BIODEGRADATION NATURE TEST OF EDTA-Ag IMMOBILIZED SILICA COMPOZITE PLASTICS AND CHITOSAN

It has been conducted a research, which it aims to know the antibacterial and biodegradation nature of EDTA-Ag and chitosan immobilized silica composite plastics. Silica used was from rice hull processing products. Chitoson used was 0.3 and 0.7 g. Antibacterial assay was conducted over Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli bacteria. the result obtained showed that the biggest inhibitory is at variation of chitosan 0.7 g, which over Staphylococcus aureusbacteria is 15.6 mm and Escherichia colibacteria is 16,7 mm. While, in biodegradation assay, the highest degradation percentage is at chitosan variation 0.3 g, namely 32.17%

REDUCTION OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT IN DETERJENT FROM DOMESTIC WASTE WATER USING PUMICE AND SAND AS A MEDIA IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM

The use of pumice and sand as a media in Constructed wetland (CW) system to reduce anionic surfactant has been carried out. This research aimed to investigation the efficiency of pumice&nbsp; and sand in CW system with and without plant (cymbopogon citrates) for&nbsp; CW anionic surfactant removal. There were six variation of CW treatments based on percentage pumice amended in the sand media. The anionic surfactant were analysed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry with metilen blue methods. Results of the analysis on oneway anova showed that the efficiency removal of anionic surfactant in inflow and outflow is significant different, on the variation of media of pumice 10%&nbsp; and sand&nbsp; 90%&nbsp; (CW B) reduced anionic surfactant levels efficiently from an average of 0,481 ppm &nbsp;ppm to 0,188 ppm with a decrease in percentage value of 60,91%

Simple Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μ-PAD) Coupled with Smartphone for Mn(II) Detection Using Tannin as a Green Reagent

The development of a simple yet greener microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) for on-site detection of Mn(II) in various types of waters using tannin as a natural reagent was described. The μ-PAD consists of twelve detection zones, created on a Whatman Number 1 filter paper by a simple drawing technique using an acrylic watercolor. The detection of Mn(II) was based on the color change on the reaction zone due to the reaction between Mn(II) and the pre-deposited tannin. The μ-PAD image was captured by a portable smartphone detector, and the blue intensity was digitized using a color picker application to generate the reflectance as the analytical response. The proposed method was characterized by a linear dynamic range of 0.05–0.25 mg L−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) for the determination of Mn(II) of 0.026 mg L−1. The other analytical merits of the proposed method, such as precision (RSD, 1.107%), accuracy (E, 6.697%), and recovery (104–112%), were all comparable to the existing spectrophotometric methods. The method’s successful application to natural water samples from manganese mining sites aligns with the reference spectrophotometric method, indicating its good selectivity and accuracy without significant influence of commonly associated interfering ions

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