Antibody profile in laying birds vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine, La Sota

Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Nigeria and constitutes a major problem to poultry production especially commercial egg production. Despite vaccination of birds, some farmers and other stakeholders still believe that there is shortened protection interval between vaccinations leading to frequent outbreaks. This work studied the antibody profile in vaccinated birds using Newcastle disease vaccine, La Sota (NDVL) with a view to establishing the rise and decline in antibody titre after vaccination and thereby determining the protection interval in our local environment. Two hundred and eighty (280) Shaver brown layers at 78% hen house production were used for the experiment. When their antibody levels were at Geometric Mean Titre of 12.1, they were vaccinated with NDVL through the oral route. On a monthly basis, the antibody titre was determined and 80 birds were taken to a distant location and challenged with a velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Results showed good protection at 4 weeks, fair protection at 8 weeks and no protection at 12 weeks post vaccination (PV). We therefore recommend that under the Nigerian condition, laying flocks should be revaccinated at 7-8 weeks interval with NDVL

Parasites and immunotherapy: with or against?

Immunotherapy is a sort of therapy in which antibody or antigen administrates to the patient in order to treat or reduce the severity of complications of disease. This kind of treatment practiced in a wide variety of diseases including infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, cancers and allergy. Successful and unsuccessful immunotherapeutic strategies have been practiced in variety of parasitic infections. On the other hand parasites or parasite antigens have also been considered for immunotherapy against other diseases such as cancer, asthma and multiple sclerosis. In this paper immunotherapy against common parasitic infections, and also immunotherapy of cancer, asthma and multiple sclerosis with parasites or parasite antigens have been reviewe

Library Services To Prisoners In South East Geopolitical Zones Of Nigeria

Prison inmates tend to be side -lined in information provision in Nigeria. Library services to prisoners are critical to their rehabilitation into the larger society on release. The paper is an assessment of Provision of Library services to prison inmates in South East Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria. The questionnaire method was adopted. Responses were collated and analyzed. The study revealed that the information needs of the prison inmates in certain d isciplines were lacking or non existent. It noted that library resources in the prison libraries are grossly inadequate. It was also revealed that the collections in these prison libraries are being managed by people without proper training in information handling and management. It noted wi th dismay that prison libraries do not or rather receive the attention it deserved from government and the society in general. The study recommends recruitment of professional staff who are versed in information handling and management, active involvement of government in provision of adequate funds to prison libraries, provision of out-reach library services, by nearby libraries both public and private to prison inmates, creating awareness of the public for the need to support the prison libraries.Key Words: Library services, Prisoners, South East, Nigeri