A comparison of susceptibility to stocks of Trypanosoma vivax of Glossina pallidipes from allopatric populations in Kenya

This paper compares the susceptibility of Glossina pallidipes to stocks of Trypanosoma vivax. The first comparison on infection rates in male and female Glossina pallidipes which originated from Nguruman or Shimba Hills, Kenya, by Trypanosoma vivax stocks isolated in Galama, kenya, or Zaria, Nigeria. The second comparison is the same as the first except it is on both sexes

A comparison of the susceptibility to stocks of Trypanosoma brucei brucei of Glossina pallidipes originating from allopatric populations in Kenya

Infection rates of males and females of G. pallidipes from colonies originating from Nguruman and the Shimba Hills, Kenya, were compared using T. brucei brucei stocks isolated from the Lambwe Valley, Kenya, and Serengeti, Tanzania. Survival and growth of T. brucei in the midgut of female tsetse was greater than in males, while parasite maturation was higher in males. Tsetse colonies from Nguruman were significantly more susceptible than the colony from Shimba Hills to both stocks of T. brucei

Membrane feeding Glossina morsitans centralis on livestock blood and its effect on the tsetse susceptibility to pathogenic trypanosome infections

Colonies of tsetse flies at ILRI were previously maintained in vivo on rabbits, and surplus teneral tsetse were used for various experiments. The reason for maintaining colony tsetse on live hosts was that all experimental tsetse, both trypanosome infected as well as uninfected were fed on experimental livestock, and it was therefore logical to maintain them as naturally as possible. However, in order to reduce the cost of maintaining colony tsetse and avoid discomfort to the rabbits, it was decided to switch to the artificial feeding system (Bauer & Wetzel, 1976; news et al 1977). Thus, studies were carried out to determine the type of blood that would provide optimum nutrition to the tsetse and to find the effect of maintaining infected tsetse through membranes upon fresh defibrinated bovine blood on their trypanosome infection prevalences. Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, stocks of T. vivax Ziemann, T. Congolense, and T. brucei, brucei clones were used. The animals used as blood donor were yearling Boran steers, and Gamma-irradiated sterile defibrinated bovine and porcine blood used were imported from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Comparative susceptibility of Glossina longipennis and G. brevipalpis to pathogenic species of Trypanosoma

The susceptibility of G. longipennis, G. brevipalpis and G. morsitans centralis to various strains of Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei brucei was investigated in the laboratory. Cattle and goats were infected with the trypanosomes and the tsetse fed from them during the first parasitaemic wave. Thereafter the flies were maintained on rabbits and were dissected on day 25 for T. vivax and T. congolense or day 30 for T. b. brucei, and the midgut, labrum, hypopharynx and salivary glands examined for trypanosomes. It was shown that the laboratory-reared G. longipennis and G. brevipalpis had differing susceptibilities to the trypanosome species used, being highly susceptible to T. vivax, less susceptible to T. congolense, and T. b. brucei could not infect their salivary glands, although G. m. centralis became infected with all Trypanosoma spp

A comparison of the susceptibility to pathogenic trypanosoma species of Glossina pallidipes originating from allopatric populations in Kenya

A colony of Glossina pallidipes which originated from Nguruman, Rift Valley Province, Kenya, was significantly more susceptible to infections with stocks of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense, T. (N) simiae and T. (Trypanozoom) brucei brucei, than a colony of the same species which originated from Shimba Hills, Coast Province, Kenya. Male G. pallidipes from both the colonies were more susceptible to the trypanosome infections than female tsetse. Nevertheless, if the differences in susceptibility of the two G. pallidipes colonies to infections with the above Trypanosoma species reflect transmission of the trypanosomes by the two populations of tsetse in the field, then the epidemiology of trypanosomiasis must differ between these two areas in Kenya. Glossina pallidipes which originated from Nguruman showed higher infection rates to stocks of T. (Duttonella) vivax than that from Shimba Hills. However, the infection rates in the two allopatric populations were high, and ranged from 71.3 to 80.0 percent. Thus, the vector aspects of vivax-trypanosomiasis probably do not differ between these two areas of Kenya