2,517 research outputs found
Processed meat consumption and Lung function: modification by antioxidants and smoking
This article has supplementary material available from www.erj.ersjournals.com: This study was supported by the Medical Research Council, UK. H. Okubo was supported in part by
fellowship of the Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, Japan and the Naito Memorial Grant for
Research Abroad from the Naito Foundation, Japan
Novel spin-liquid states in the frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice
Recent experiment on a honeycomb-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet (AF)
BiMnO(NO) revealed a novel spin-liquid-like behavior down to
low temperature, which was ascribed to the frustration effect due to the
competition between the AF nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions
and . Motivated by the experiment, we study the ordering of the
- frustrated classical Heisenberg AF on a honeycomb lattice both by
a low-temperature expansion and a Monte Carlo simulation. The model has been
known to possess a massive degeneracy of the ground state, which, however,
might be lifted due to thermal fluctuations leading to a unique ordered state,
the effect known as 'order-by-disorder'. We find that the model exhibits an
intriguing ordering behavior, particularly near the AF phase boundary. The
energy scale of the order-by-disorder is suppressed there down to extremely low
temperatures, giving rise to exotic spin-liquid states like a "ring-liquid" or
a "pancake-liquid" state accompanied by the characteristic spin structure
factor and the field-induced antiferromagnetism. We argue that the recent
experimental data are explicable if the system is in such exotic spin-liquid
states
Honesty mediates the relationship between serotonin and reaction to unfairness
How does one deal with unfair behaviors? This subject has long been investigated by various disciplines including philosophy, psychology, economics, and biology. However, our reactions to unfairness differ from one individual to another. Experimental economics studies using the ultimatum game (UG), in which players must decide whether to accept or reject fair or unfair offers, have also shown that there are substantial individual differences in reaction to unfairness. However, little is known about psychological as well as neurobiological mechanisms of this observation. We combined a molecular imaging technique, an economics game, and a personality inventory to elucidate the neurobiological mechanism of heterogeneous reactions to unfairness. Contrary to the common belief that aggressive personalities (impulsivity or hostility) are related to the high rejection rate of unfair offers in UG, we found that individuals with apparently peaceful personalities (straightforwardness and trust) rejected more often and were engaged in personally costly forms of retaliation. Furthermore, individuals with a low level of serotonin transporters in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are honest and trustful, and thus cannot tolerate unfairness, being candid in expressing their frustrations. In other words, higher central serotonin transmission might allow us to behave adroitly and opportunistically, being good at playing games while pursuing self-interest. We provide unique neurobiological evidence to account for individual differences of reaction to unfairness
Variational Mote Carlo Study of Flat Band Ferromagnetism -- Application to CeRh_3 B_2
A new mechanism for ferromagnetism in CeRh_3B_2 is proposed on the basis of
variational Monte Carlo results. In a one-dimensional Anderson lattice where
each 4f electron hybridizes with a ligand orbital between neighboring Ce sites,
ferromagnetism is stabilized due to a nearly flat band which is a mixture of
conduction and 4f electron states. Because of the strong spin-orbit interaction
in 4f electron states, and of considerable amount of hybridization in the
nearly flat band, the magnetic moments from 4f and conduction electrons tend to
cancel each other. The resultant ferromagnetic moment becomes smaller as
compared with the local 4f moment, and the Fermi surface in the ferromagnetic
ground state is hardly affected by the presence of 4f electrons. These
theoretical results are consistent with experimental observations in CeRh_3B_2
by neutron scattering and dHvA effects.Comment: to be published in J.Phys.Soc.Jp
Fokker-Planck equation with variable diffusion coefficient in the Stratonovich approach
We consider the Langevin equation with multiplicative noise term which
depends on time and space. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation in
Stratonovich approach is investigated. Its formal solution is obtained for an
arbitrary multiplicative noise term given by , and the
behaviors of probability distributions, for some specific functions of %
, are analyzed. In particular, for , the physical
solutions for the probability distribution in the Ito, Stratonovich and
postpoint discretization approaches can be obtained and analyzed.Comment: 6 pages in LATEX cod
2D pattern evolution constrained by complex network dynamics
Complex networks have established themselves along the last years as being
particularly suitable and flexible for representing and modeling several
complex natural and human-made systems. At the same time in which the
structural intricacies of such networks are being revealed and understood,
efforts have also been directed at investigating how such connectivity
properties define and constrain the dynamics of systems unfolding on such
structures. However, lesser attention has been focused on hybrid systems,
\textit{i.e.} involving more than one type of network and/or dynamics. Because
several real systems present such an organization (\textit{e.g.} the dynamics
of a disease coexisting with the dynamics of the immune system), it becomes
important to address such hybrid systems. The current paper investigates a
specific system involving a diffusive (linear and non-linear) dynamics taking
place in a regular network while interacting with a complex network of
defensive agents following Erd\"os-R\'enyi and Barab\'asi-Albert graph models,
whose nodes can be displaced spatially. More specifically, the complex network
is expected to control, and if possible to extinguish, the diffusion of some
given unwanted process (\textit{e.g.} fire, oil spilling, pest dissemination,
and virus or bacteria reproduction during an infection). Two types of pattern
evolution are considered: Fick and Gray-Scott. The nodes of the defensive
network then interact with the diffusing patterns and communicate between
themselves in order to control the spreading. The main findings include the
identification of higher efficiency for the Barab\'asi-Albert control networks.Comment: 18 pages, 32 figures. A working manuscript, comments are welcome
Perturbation-based balance training: Principles, mechanisms and implementation in clinical practice
Since the mid-2000s, perturbation-based balance training has been gaining interest as an efficient and effective way to prevent falls in older adults. It has been suggested that this task-specific training approach may present a paradigm shift in fall prevention. In this review, we discuss key concepts and common issues and questions regarding perturbation-based balance training. In doing so, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current evidence on the mechanisms, feasibility and efficacy of perturbation-based balance training for researchers and practitioners. We address this in two sections: “Principles and Mechanisms” and “Implementation in Practice.” In the first section, definitions, task-specificity, adaptation and retention mechanisms and the dose-response relationship are discussed. In the second section, issues related to safety, anxiety, evidence in clinical populations (e.g., Parkinson's disease, stroke), technology and training devices are discussed. Perturbation-based balance training is a promising approach to fall prevention. However, several fundamental and applied aspects of the approach need to be further investigated before it can be widely implemented in clinical practice
Anomalies and Fermion Content of Grand Unified Theories in Extra Dimensions
The restrictions imposed by anomaly cancellation on the chiral fermion
content of nonsupersymmetric gauge theories based on various groups are studied
in spacetime dimension D=6, 8, and 10. In particular, we show that the only
mathematically consistent chiral SU(5) theory in D=6 contains three
nonidentical generations.Comment: 15 pages, revtex. v2: references added to match published versio
Quasi-classical Lie algebras and their contractions
After classifying indecomposable quasi-classical Lie algebras in low
dimension, and showing the existence of non-reductive stable quasi-classical
Lie algebras, we focus on the problem of obtaining sufficient conditions for a
quasi-classical Lie algebras to be the contraction of another quasi-classical
algebra. It is illustrated how this allows to recover the Yang-Mills equations
of a contraction by a limiting process, and how the contractions of an algebra
may generate a parameterized families of Lagrangians for pairwise
non-isomorphic Lie algebras.Comment: 17 pages, 2 Table
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