Therapeutic effect of a moderate intensity interval training program on the lipid profile in men with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial

Objective: Physical inactivity has been established as a major primary risk factor for the development of hypertension. Also, factors such as elevated total cholesterol (TC) and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) have been implicated as risk factors for coronary events in hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of interval training program on blood pressure and lipid profile of subjects with hypertension. Materials and Methods: A total of 245 male patients with mild‑to‑moderate hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] between 140 and 180 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] between 90 and 109 mmHg) were age matched and grouped into interval and control groups. The interval (n=140; 58.90 ± 7.35 years) group was involved in an 8‑week interval training (60–79% HR max reserve) program of between 45 minutes and 60 minutes at a work/rest ratio of 1:1 of 6 minutes each, while the control hypertensive (n=105; 58.27 ± 6.24 years) group remained sedentary during this period. Cardiovascular parameters (SBP and DBP), VO2 max, TC, HDL, and artrogenic index (AI) were assessed. Student’s t‑test and Pearson correlation test were used in data analysis. Results: Findings of the study revealed significant decreased effects of the interval training program on SBP, DBP, TC AI, and significant increased effects on VO2 max and HDL level at P<0.05. There was also a significant correlation between changes VO2 max and changes in AI. Conclusions: It was concluded that the interval training program is an effective adjunct nonpharmacological management of hypertension and a means of upregulation of HDL.Keywords: Blood pressure, hypertension, interval exercise, lipid profileNigerian Journal of Clinical Practice •Jan-Mar 2012 • Vol 15 • Issue

Therapeutic effect of continuous exercise training program on serum creatinine concentration in men with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Creatinine (Cr) has been implicated as an independent predictor of hypertension and exercise has been reported as adjunct therapy for hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to  investigate the effect of continuous training programme on blood pressureand serum creatinine concentration in black African subjects with  hypertension.Methods: Three hundred and fifty seven male patients with mild to  moderate (systolic blood pressure [SBP] between 140-180 & diastolic blood pressure [DBP] between 90-109 mmHg) essential hypertension were age matched and randomly grouped into continuous & control groups. The continuous group involved in an 8 weeks continuous training (60-79% HR reserve) of between 45minutes to 60 minutes, 3 times per week, while the control group remain sedentary. SBP, DBP, VO2max, serum Cr, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and percent (%) body fat. Analysis ofcovariance (ANCOVA) and Pearson correlation tests were used in data analysis.Results: Findings of the study revealed significant decreased effects of continuous training programme on SBP, DBP, Cr, BMI, WHR, % body fat and significant increase in VO2max at p< 0.05. Serum Cr is significantlyand negatively correlated with SBP (-.335), DBP (.194), BMI (.268), WHR (-.258) and % body fat (-.190) at p<0.05.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a rationale bases for the adjunct therapeutic role of moderate intensity continuous exercise training as a multitherapy in the down regulation of blood pressure, serum Cr, body size and body fat in hypertension.Key words: Hypertension; Blood pressure; Creatinine; body size; body fat; Africa

Changes in serum lactate to aerobic exercise among amateur athletes and non-athletes

Lactate is an end product of glucose metabolism that is usually produced in a larger quantity during exercise. This increase in production during exercise has been understood to be the reason for fatigue. The aim of this study is to determine the responses of serum lactate to aerobic exercise among amateur athletes and non-athletes. 48 consenting males (24 amateur athletes and 24 non-athletes) participated in this comparative quasi-experimental design. Subjects cycled on a bicycle ergometer to attain moderate intensity exercise target heart rate (MIETHR) and maintained the MIETHR till exhaustion (15 on Borgs scale or volitional exertion) while the serum lactate was measured at intervals. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Alpha level was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 26.08±2.28 and 28.13±1.51 for the athletes and non-athletes respectively. There was a significant difference p=0.001 Training induced adaptations include a lower serum lactate level, a point that should be noted in studying of metabolic adaptations.Keywords: Lactate, Athletes, Exercise, Response, Fitnes

Effect of interval training programme on pulse pressure in the management of hypertension: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Pulse pressure (PP), might be a stronger determinants of cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interval training program on PP in subjects with hypertension. METHODS: Two hundred and forty five male patients with mild to moderate (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] between 140–179 & Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP] between 90–109 mmHg) essential hypertension were age-matched and grouped into exercise and control groups. The exercise (work: rest ratio of 1:1) groups involved in an 8-weeks interval training programs of between 45–60 minutes, at intensities of 60–79% of HR max (maximum heart rate), while the control group remained sedentary during this period. SBP, DBP, VO(2)max and PP were assessed. RESULTS: Findings of the study revealed significant correlation between PP and blood pressure; correlation of PP with SBP was much stronger (95% variance). Also, there was significant effect of the exercise training program on SBP, DBP and PP. Changes in VO(2)max also negatively correlated with changes in PP (r= −.285) at p<0.05. CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity interval training programs is effective in the non-pharmacological management of hypertension and may prevent cardiovascular event through the down regulation of PP in hypertension

Preliminary anti-microbial and phytochemical investigation of the extracts and column fractions of Alchornea Floribunda leaves

The leaves of Alchornea floribunda were collected, identified and reduced to coarse powder. Using various solvent treatments, the powdered drug leaf was fractionated into A1, A2, B, C and D. The fractions were subjected to anti-microbial screening and phytochemical analysis. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of terpenes, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrate, glycoside, saponins and alkaloids. Only fraction A2 (the terpenoid fraction) showed promising antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IZD 42 mm) Salmonella keitambii (IZD 34mm) and Bacillus subtilis (IZD 32mm). A2 was further separated into 14 major column chromatographic fractions. The fractions were subjected toanti-microbial and phytochemical investigation. Fraction Af7, Af9, Af12 and Af13 (all terpenoids) showed mild activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella keitambii. In conclusion, the anti-microbial activity of Alchornea floribunda leaves can be attributed to the presence of the terpenoids which may interact synergistically to causeinhibition of the sensitive bacteria

Effect of interval training programme on pulse pressure in the management of hypertension: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Pulse pressure (PP), might be a stronger determinants of cardiovascular risk. Objective: To investigate the effect of interval training program on PP in subjects with hypertension. Methods: Two hundred and forty five male patients with mild to moderate (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] between 140-179 & Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP] between 90-109 mmHg) essential hypertension were age-matched and grouped into exercise and control groups. The exercise (work: rest ratio of 1:1) groups involved in an 8-weeks interval training programs of between 45-60 minutes, at intensities of 60-79% of HR max (maximum heart rate), while the control group remained sedentary during this period. SBP, DBP, VO2max and PP were assessed. Results: Findings of the study revealed significant correlation between PP and blood pressure;correlation of PP with SBP was much stronger (95% variance). Also, there was significant effect of the exercise training program on SBP, DBP and PP. Changes in VO2max also negatively correlated with changes in PP (r= -.285) at p<0.05. Conclusion: Moderate intensity interval training programs is effective in the non-pharmacological management of hypertension and may prevent cardiovascular event through the down regulation of PP in hypertension

Effect Of Interval Training On Blood Pressure And Exercise Capacity In Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Study

Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) is a determinant of cardiovascular risk in patient with hypertension. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of interval training program on MAP in black African subjects with hypertension. Two hundred and forty five male patients with mild to moderate (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] between 140-179 &amp; Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP] between 90-109 mmHg) essential hypertension were age-matched and randomly assigned to interval(n=140) and control groups (n=105). The interval (work: rest ratio of 1:1) groups involved in an 8-weeks interval training programs of between 45-60&#160; minutes, at intensities of 60-79% of HR max, while the control group remained sedentary during this period. SBP, DBP, VO2max and MAP were assessed. Findings of the study revealed significant correlation between MAP and BP (SBP, r=.958; DBP, r=.342); correlation of MAP with SBP was much stronger (54% variance). Also, there was significant effect of exercise training program on MAP (p=0.000). Changes in VO2max also negatively correlated with changes in MAP (r= -.237) at p&lt;0.05. It was concluded that moderate intensity interval training programs is effective in the non-pharmacological management of hypertension and may prevent cardiovascular event through the down regulation of MAP in hypertension. Our findings support the recommendations of moderate intensity interval training program as an adjunct non-pharmacological management of essential hypertension. Key words: Hypertension; Interval exercise; Mean arterial blood pressure; Blood pressur

Therapeutic role of continuous exercise training programme on the lipid profile of male hypertensive patients in Kano, North-West Nigeria

Background: Some of the reported factors that increased the risk for coronary events in hypertensive individuals include elevated total cholesterol (TC), reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and physical inactivity. Aim: To investigate the effect of continuous exercise training programme on blood pressure and lipid profile in subjects with hypertension.Methods: Two hundred and seventeen male patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were age-matched and grouped into continuous and control groups. The continuous (n=112; 58.63 ± 7.22 years) group involved in an 8 weeks continuous training (60-79% HR max reserve) programme of between 45 minutes to 60 minutes, while age-matched controls hypertensive (n=105; 58.27± 6.24 years) group remain sedentary during this period. Cardiovascular parameters [Systolic blood pressure(SBP)&amp; diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], VO2max, TC, HDL and Artherogenic Index were assessed. Students' t-test and Pearson correlation test were used in data analysis. Results: Findings of the study revealed significant decreased effect of continuous training programme on SBP, DBP, TC and significant increased effects on VO2max and HDL level at p&lt; 0.05. Also there was a significant negative and positive correlation between changes  in VO2max and changes in TC and HDL respectively. Conclusions: Continuous exercise training programme is an effective adjunct non-pharmacological management for hypertension and a means of normal regulation of lipid profile. Keywords: Hypertension, Blood pressure, Lipid profile, Continuous exercis

Reassessment of Onchocerciasis prevalence in Etteh, Nigeria, after a decade of mass mectizan chemotherapeutic intervention: Preliminary report

Areassessment of the prevalence of onchocerciasiswas carried out in Etteh community in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area of Enugu state, Nigeria. The community has been known to be highly endemic for onchocerciasis. The assessment of endemicity was based on Rapid Assessment Method (RAM), which involved the use of two onchocercal indices namely the presence of palpable nodules and depigmentation (Leopard skin). Out o the 716 individuals examined consisting of 327 males and 389 females, the overal prevalence of palpable onchocercal nodules was 51.4%. The females had insignificanty (P>0.05) higher rate of onchocercomata (51.9%) than males (44.0%). The anatomical distribution of nodules in descending order of occurrence was pelvic regon (26.3%), head and neck regon (20.6%), thorax and lumbar (15.7%), upper limbs (14.5%), lower limbs (12.4%) and others (abdomen and shoulders, 5.9%). It is obvious that in spite of the decade-longannual free distribution of Mectizan in the area, onchocerciasis prevalence is still high.Keywords: Onchocerciasis, Mectizan, Reassessment, Nodules, Chemotherap