Educating Mental Health Clinic Providers on the Benefits of Yoga for Older Adults

Background: Depression is a grave mental health condition in the United States, and 3.4% of the older adult population experiences depression (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Older adults with depression may not engage in mental health treatment because of the cost of co-pay, treatment duration, the stigma of having depression and seeking mental health services and intolerance to medication side effects. Traditional care for treatment of depression, including antidepressant medicines, cognitive behavioral therapy, and supportive treatment, continue to be utilized. However, there is also an increase in the use of naturalistic and more holistic treatment options which include exercise therapies such as yoga (Prathilkanti et al., 2017). Evidence suggests that yoga reduces symptoms of depression (Cahoon, 2012). Objective: The purpose of this project was to educate mental health providers in an Arizona clinic on the benefits of yoga for older adults with depression. Setting: A private solo-practitioner psychiatry practice serving adults in the suburban Phoenix, AZ area Findings: Post yoga education questionnaire was completed by the mental health providers in an Arizona clinic to determine the participants knowledge on yoga as a therapeutic treatment option for older adults with depression. Results revealed positive findings that mental health providers in an Arizona clinic agreed to the facts that yoga would be beneficial as a treatment modality for depressive conditions among older adults. Discussion: Participants indicated they were open to recommending yoga as an adjunct therapy to older adults with depression and identified additional education on yoga education would be helpful. The ability of the mental health providers to participate in yoga education session indicates willingness to recommending yoga as a treatment option to older adults with depression. Further study is indicated to identify the efficacy of educating mental health providers on the benefits of yoga for older adults with depression

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Insecurity Challenges in Nigeria: Human Security Option as a Panacea

Security is an indispensable ingredient in the life of any nation that aspires to develop. This underscores why successive governments in Nigeria have evolved different strategies to restore security in the country. For over a decade now, Nigeria has been battling with the challenges of insecurity. Threat of insecurity in the country is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. It ranges from the problem of Boko Haram Islamic extremism, militancy in the Niger-Delta, rampaging kidnapping in the South-east, armed robbery and ritual killings everywhere in the country.  Unfortunately, every effort by the government at different times to bring back peace in the country has failed to produce result. Until factors fueling this spate of insecurity are addressed, the race for peace in Nigeria is a hopeless one. This paper explores the potency of ‘Human Security’ option as a strategy for achieving peace in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research method was used in the study. Keywords: Human Security, Insecurity, Peace, Panacea, Development

Comparative Study on Bacterial and Fungal Loads from Siphoned and Unsiphoned Culture of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Hatchlings

This study was carried out to isolate, identify and determine the microbial loads that affect the culture of hatchlings (stage whereby hatchlings absorbed their yolk) in siphoned and unsiphoned water in fish culture. The hatchlings were separated into two groups of triplicate sampling bowls and labelled siphoned and unsiphoned. Samples were analysed for presence of bacteria and fungi using standard methods. The microbial analysis of the siphoned and unsiphoned culture of hatchlings was based on Total Viable Count (TVC) and Total Coliform Count (TCC). The bacterial examination was conducted to isolate and identify bacterial isolates. Serial dilution and inoculation were carried out using sterile media on crushed hatchling samples. Water sample was analysed by inoculating on Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA). For fungal identification both crushed hatchling and water were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA),  Isolates were examined macroscopically by colony shape, size, colour, and growing pattern, observed under microscope and identified with the help of fungal identification key. Bacterial identification was based on colonial, morphological and biochemical characteristics of colonies. The biochemical test were carried out on the bacterial isolates using catalase test, coagulase test, motility test, triple sugar iron test, indole test and motility test. One way anova was the statistical analysis used for all the results obtained in this experiment. The results showed that the bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., while the fungi include Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Mucor sp. The bacterial isolates showed trending pattern with an increase in count from the first day to the seventh day in unsiphoned as against the siphoned water sample. Conversely, the fungal isolates showed an inconsistent load value between siphoned and unsiphoned from the first day to the seventh. This study revealed that bacterial isolates are more associated than the fungal isolates in the hatchlings culture. The fungal load isolated are relatively lower and significantly different (P<0.05) than the bacterial load observed. Keywords: Bacterial, Fungal, African Catfish, Culturing methods, Hatchlings DOI: 10.7176/ALST/71-0

Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Fed Graded Levels of Roasted Tropical Almond (Terminalia catappa Linnaeus) Kernel Meal Based Diets

Feeding trial was conducted in experimental plastic tanks (50 x 35 x 33 cm) to assess the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed diets containing Roasted Tropical Almond Kernel Meal (ROAM) for 105 days. Five isonitrogenous diets composed of 0, 25, 50, 75  and 100% ROAM as a  replacement for Soybean Meal (SBM) were fed to the fish twice daily at 3% body weight. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 20 fish per replicate (initial mean weight 12.03±0.01 g). Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were calculated. Economic benefit of replacing SBM with ROAM in C. gariepinus diet was evaluated using Profit Index (PI) and Incidence of cost (IC). Data were subjected to Descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. Fish fed 75% ROAM diet had the highest MWG (69.03 g), SGR (1.68 %), and the least FCR (1.57), while 100% ROAM had the least values for MWG (27.02 g), SGR (0.66 %) and the highest FCR (3.30). Incidence of cost (0.36) was least in 75% ROAM and highest (0.70) in 100% ROAM diet. 75% ROAM had the highest Profit Index (1.40) while 100% ROAM had the least value (0.76). Roasted Almond kernel meal can economically replace soybean meal up to 75% in Clarias gariepinus diet. Substitution beyond this level caused growth and economic depression. Keywords: Catfish, feed conversion ratio, Indian almond, soybean meal, specific growth rate

Autoimmune thyroid disease: Case reports of two siblings

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is typified by Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) at both ends of the disease spectrum with subclinical thyroid dysfunctions in between. Genetic associations have been described in the pathogenesis of AITD. We describe a case each of GD and HT occurring in two siblings

Poverty Alleviation Programmes in Nigeria: Reflections on Methodology

Policies and programmes aimed at addressing poverty have been initiated and pursued since Nigeria’s political independence in 1960. Most of these policies and programmes have had minimal or no significant effect in changing the well-being of the rural poor. The paper takes a critical reflection on methodology adopted in poverty alleviation programmes since 1960 in Nigeria. In it, we have argued that past poverty alleviation policies and programmes have been elitist and non-participatory, especially by the target population. In most cases the designs for poverty alleviations are characterized by improper conceptualization, grandiosity and lack of social justice even in implementation. Based on the findings, we recommended that poverty alleviation policies and programmes must involve the people (target group) from the initiation to the execution stages. We suggested a paradigm shift in the process of policy making and implementation to involve the local people (those at the grassroot), based on participatory development approach. This approach will make for sustainable development.Keywords: Poverty, alleviation programmes, theoretical reflection

Nutritional status and eating patterns of preschool children in a community in south-west Nigeria

Background: Malnutrition, an important global health problem, affects large numbers of children in developing countries hence making child malnutrition a major concern in these regions. The body’s capability to utilize appropriately adequate nutrient intake –quality and quantity, in order to meet its metabolic needs of health and fitness describes the concept of nutritional status.Objective: This study assessed the nutritional status of preschool children and their eating patterns.Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional survey carried out in a semi-urban community in south-western Nigeria. The sample consisted of 220 preschool children. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the eating patterns of the children. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to determine the nutritional status of the children. Data generated was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Cross tabulation and Chi square test were used to examine relationships between variables. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.Results: The overall prevalence of malnutrition in this study was low with stunting, underweight and wasting recording 8.1%, 7.7% and 1.9%, respectively thereby making stunting the most common malnutrition indicator in the study area. A large proportion (78.2%) of the children ate more than three times daily while 96.4% of the children constantly had regular specified number of meals daily.Conclusion: It is imperative that parents promote healthy eating habits in their children. This would go a long way in improving the health outcome of the child.Keywords: Nutritional status, eating pattern, preschool children, meal intak