Comparative nutritional composition of smoked catfish (Clarias gariepinus) produced from NIOMR smoking kiln and local cut-drum oven

The effects of two different preservative equipment-the NIOMR (Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research) kiln and local cut-drum oven-on crude protein, minerals and vitamins of C. gariepinus were studied. The fish were obtained from Africa Regional Aquaculture Centre, Aluu, Port Harcourt. Moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat and ash content were determined using standard methods. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the moisture and crude fiber content. The moisture content of the fish sample ranged from 2.18 to 5.98, this could be attributed to the drying methods. The crude fibre content ranged from 2.78 and shows no significant difference. The ash content of the samples ranged from 0.25- 0.6%, an indication that smoking reduces the ash content of fish. Result of the crude protein of fresh fish was 21.84 ~c 1.10 which increased to 59.53 ~c 1.88 and 35.41 ~c1.00 in NIOMR smoking kiln and local oven respectively. This means that, there was a significant different in the effects of the two dryers on crude protein. The vitamin content of both ovens showed no significant difference except in vitamin A which was significant in the fish dried with smoking kiln. There was significant different (p<0.05) in the mineral content of the two drying equipment, this was in Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus level of fish smoked with NIOMR smoking kiln. This result indicates that the two drying methods have varying effects on the nutritional quality of catfish, which is in favour of NIOMR kiln

Effects of NIOMR smoking kiln and oven on the crude protein, minerals and vitamins of catfish Clarias gariepinus

The effects of two different preservative methods, NIOMR Smoking Kiln and Oven drying on Crude Protein minerals and Vitamin of clarias gariepinus were studied. Clarias gariepinus were obtained from the fish farm of African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Aluu, Port Harcourt. The crude protein, minerals and vitamins of the fresh fish were determined immediately while two other batches were separately dried using oven at 50~'C for 30minutes and NIOMR Smoking Kiln at 70~'C for 3 hours. Result of the crude protien of fresh fish was 21.84 ~c 1.10 which increased to 59.53 ~c 1.88 and 35.41 ~c 1.00 in both NIOMR smoking and oven, respectively. This means that, there was a significant different in both dryers on the crude protein. This will improve the knowledge and capacity of rural women and agricultural communities on the appropriate processing method for fish. The mineral and vitamins of oven dried and NIOMR Smoking kiln were analyzed. The vitamin content of both the fish, dried and smoking kiln shows no significant different except in vitamin A which was significant (p<0.05).There was significant different (p<0.05) in the mineral content of the two different drying method except in sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus of the drying method. This result indicates that the two drying methods have effects on the nutritional quality of catfish

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Effects of seasonal variation and locations on microbial load in sediment and water of a polluted ecosystem

Seasonal effects on microbial load of sediment and water at different locations along Bonny Estuary of Niger Delta was investigated for a period of 12 months. All analyses followed standard procedure. Results revealed that total fungi counts in sediment and water at different locations were not significantly different (p &gt; 0.05) at both wet and dry seasons while hydrocarbon utilizing fungi showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) at both seasons in both sediment and water samples. During the wet season, total faecal counts ranged from 5.0 to 10.0 x 105 CFU/g for sediment and 4.0 to 7.0x 105 CFU/g in water. In dry season, the concentration of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the sediment ranged between 0.1 x 105 CFU/ml/g and 8.0 x 105 CFU/ml/g in wet season while in dry season, the concentration in water ranged between 0.1 x 105 CFU/ml/g and 6.0 x 105 CFU/ml/g at Abuloma. At Okwujagu, total heterotrophic bacteria counts in sediment ranged&nbsp; from 0.1 to 8.0 x 105 CFU/g in dry season. This was higher than the range 0.1 to 6.8.0 x 105 CFU/ recorded in Abuloma, Okwujagu and Slaughter at dry season. The highest vibrio counts in water (11.0 x 105 CFU/ml) for wet and (10.0 x 105 CFU/ml) for dry seasons were recorded at Slaughter. In Oginiba, the feacal count recorded 3.0 x 105 CFU/ml in water during the wet season and 2.0 x 105 CFU/ml for dry season. Generally, there were significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in the bacterial concentrations in both sediment and water. This showed that different seasons favour the growth of certain microbial types

Effect of depuration on microbial load of mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar) from a polluted creek in Rivers State, Nigeria

The efficiency of depuration in the removal of microbial load in mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar) from a polluted creek in Rivers State, Nigeria using a flow-through method with high loading density was evaluated in this study. Depuration experiments were conducted with cartridge-filtered and UV-light using seawater in segregated plastic tanks at a salinity of 30 ‰, pH of 8.0 and temperature of 29.0 °C. The oysters in segregated tanks were taken at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of depuration and analyzed for microbial load (total hetrotrophic bacteria, total fungi counts, hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi and feacal coliform counts). Results from the two-way ANOVA showed that time, method and season had significant effect on the microbial counts. At different locations, there was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) at different time intervals of depuration for both seasons. The control for all the locations had the highest counts for depuration at both seasons. Notably between 24 and 48 hours of depuration for both seasons, no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) on total fungi counts, feacal coliforms and hetrotrophic bacteria was recorded. This study depuration method at the different time interval is recommended.Keywords: Cleansing, contaminants, poisoning, food safety, Crassostrea gasa

Effect of depuration on heavy metal concentrations in periwinkle (Tympanatonus fuscastus) from a polluted creek in Rivers State, Nigeria

The efficiency of depuration in the removal of heavy metals in Periwinkle (Tympanatonus fuscastus) was evaluated in this study. Periwinkle in depuration tanks were taken at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of depuration and analyzed for these heavy metals: Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd). Results from the analyses shows that time, method and season has significant effect on heavy metals. At different location, there was significant difference at different time interval of depuration for both seasons. The control for all the locations had the highest count for depuration at both seasons. The concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn for depurated periwinkle at 24-96 hours was significantly different (P&lt;0.05) from control for both rainy and dry season. Notably, at 96hours of depuration, these metals were reduced. The depuration of these contaminants on the shellfish was faster during rainy season than dry seasons brought about satisfactory results. This study depuration method at the different time intervals is suggested.Keywords: Heavy metals, purification, processing, pollutants, Tympanatonus fuscastu