Modelling of a Gas Cap Gas Lift System

Imperial Users onl

Oil, a Blessing or a Curse? A Comparison of the Socio-Economic and Environmental Effects of Oil Development on Indigenous Peoples’ Livelihood in Northern Alberta and the Niger Delta

Master in Social Science - Nord universitet 201

Has the Controversy between the Superiority of International Law and Municipal Law been Resolved in Theory and Practice?

The issue arising out of the relationship between International law and municipal law remains a topic of controversy[1] among legal scholars and has caused difficulties especially for domestic judges[2] though; in practice the controversy has been resolved within the domestic jurisdiction of each state[3]. As a result of the issue of superiority between International law and municipal law, different schools of thought have emerged. These are the Monist and Dualist schools of thought.[4] Within the monist school of thought, there are sub-categories of schools.[5] The Naturalist Monist School as represented by Lauterpacht holds the view that international law is superior to municipal law on the basis that the former offers better protection in respect of human rights.[6] The Radical Monist School of thought is represented by Kelsen who holds the view that international law is superior on a formalistic doctrine of the grundnorm.[7] The Policy-Oriented Monist encompasses post-colonial African states and the new democratic blocks of the Eastern Europe.[8] On the other hand, the Dualist school of thought has proponent like Triepal and Anzilloti.[9] The dualists are of the view that international law and municipal law are two different systems of law,[10] dualist take the position that international law embodies rules that regulates activities of states within the comity of nations while municipal law governs the domestic activities of states.[11] According to the dualist, international law and municipal law can never be in conflict[12] and where there is a conflict between the two systems, municipal law will prevail on the ground that international law is given effect to operate domestically by municipal law.[13] The exponents of the dualist doctrine maintain that the sovereignty of states is clearly provided for in Article 2(4) (7) of the United Nations Charter. [1] B.R. Opeskin, ‘Constitutional Modelling: Domestic Effect of International Law in Commonwealth Countries: Part1P.L. 2000, Win, 607-626; S.L.Paulson, ‘The Theory of Public Law in Germany 1914-1945’, OJLS 2005 25 (525) [2] Manisuli Ssenyonjo, ‘Accountability of Non-State Actors in Uganda for War Crimes and Human Rights Violations: Between Amnesty and the International Criminal Court’,C&S Law 2005 10 (405) [3] George Roebling, ‘Invoking the Agreement on Government Procurement’, P.P.L.R. 1999, 4, 187-208. [4] Carl Landauer, ‘Antinomies of the United Nations: Hans Kelsen and Alf Ross on the Charter’, E.J.I.L 2003, 14(4), 767-799. [5] M.N. Shaw, ‘International Law’ Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008, P.131 [6] I.Brownlie, ‘Principles of  Public International Law’, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008, P. 33 [7] Stephane Beaulac, ‘ Recent Developments on the Role of International Law in Canadian Statutory Interpretation’, Stat Law 2004 25 (19) [8] T. Maluwa, ‘International Law in Post-Colonial Africa’, Kluwer Law International, Hague, 1999, P.48-51 [9] F. Morgenstern, ‘Judicial Practice and the Supremacy of International Law ‘, 27 BYIL. 42 [10] Antonis Antoniadis, ‘The European Union and the WTO Law: a Nexus of Reactive, Coactive, and Proactive Approaches’, World T.R., 2007, 6(1), 45-87; Certain German Interest in Polish Upper Silesia (Germany v. Poland) 1925 PCIJ (Ser. A), No 7 at 19; H. Lauterpacht, ‘International Law’, Collected Papers, edited by E.  Lauterpacht, Vol 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970, p.152-153 [11] Elizebeth Wicks, ‘A New Constitution for a New State? The 1707 Union of England and Scotland’, L.Q.R. 2001, 117(Jan), 109-126 [12] R.K., Gardiner, ‘ International Law’, Longman Law Series, London, 2003, P. 130 [13] Ibid, P.14

Perceived Professional Characteristics as Correlates of Success Potential Among the Catholic Priests in Selected Dioceses in South-West Nigeria

The modern day priesthood is not just about preaching or meeting the spiritual need, but also the ability to competently attend to the physical and psychological needs of the congregants. A priest is expected to discharge assigned duties in such a way that optimum success is achieved. However, while priest are being theologically prepared, there is the need to also examine some of the psychological traits that could help priests to be successful in the work of the gospel. Hence, this study examined perceived professional characteristics as correlates of success potential of Catholic Priests in selected Dioceses in Southwest Nigeria. The professional characteristics used in the study are genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding and reflective listening. The study adopted the descriptive research design of correlational type. Simple random sampling was used to select three Catholic dioceses in the Southwest of Nigeria while, all population sampling technique was used to select 203 priests that formed the respondents of this study. Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study which include Success Potential Scale (α = 0.85), Empathy Scale (α = 0.79), Reflective Listening Scale (α = 0.89) and Unconditional Positive Regard Scale (α = 0.81). Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Linear Regression were used for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study shows that genuineness (r=.503, p<0.01), unconditional positive regard (r=.776, p<0.01), empathic understanding (r= .746, p<0.01) and reflective listening (r=.746, p<0.01) had positive relationship with success potential of the priests. The independent variables had significant joint contribution of 65.4% to success potential of the respondents. In addition, reflective listening (β= 0.427, t= 4.919, p<.01), unconditional positive regard (β= 0.264, t= 2.521, p<.05), empathic understanding (β= 0.155, t= 2.431, p<.05) and genuineness (β= 0.112, t= 2.188, p<.05) had significant relative contribution to success potential of the Priests. Based on this study, it was concluded that genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding and reflective listening are professional characteristics that correlate with success potential of Catholic Priests in Selected Dioceses in Southwest Nigeria. Keywords: Success potential, professional characteristics, genuineness, unconditional positive regard DOI: 10.7176/DCS/10-3-04 Publication date:March 31st 202

The Influence of Cultural Values on Accounting Practice in Nigeria

Purpose:This study aims at examining culture’s influence on accounting practice in Nigeria. Design/Methodology:A survey of accountants in south-eastern Nigeria was carried out. A total number of 97 respondents comprising accountants and auditors in public and private practice were sampled. The Primary data were collected with the aid of a structured 5-point likert scale questionnaire, administered in two phases: first was the administration of the questionnaire on cultural values and secondly the administration of the questionnaire on varying specific issues of the study. Multiple Regression Techniques (MRT) was used in analyzing the primary data. Findings:The model results showed that cultural values had a significant predictive power in determining the choice of techniques and behaviour of accountants in the discharge of their duties. Secondly, that cultural values influence the enforcement and application of accounting standards in Nigeria. Thirdly, cultural values will significantly influence the way auditors’ carry out an audit assignment in Nigeria. Recommendations: To ensure a favourable IFRS/Global Reporting Standard adoption the IASB should consider the cultural values of varying countries rather than just the individualistic culture of developed nations. A breakdown of structural and organisational hierarchy to tackle the high power distance in Nigerian organisations. The inclusion of more countries representing varying national cultures in the IASB governing council

Factors Associated with Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Though the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) remains high in less developed countries, data suggest that these figures may represent an underestimation considering that many women are unwilling to disclose abuse. This paper aims to determine women’s willingness to report abuse, factors determining willingness to disclose IPV, and to whom such disclosure is made.Methods:A total of 911 women visiting reproductive health facility responded to the questionnaire, and the collected data was analyzed using multivariate analysis. Results: About 54% (n=443) of the participating women reported that would not disclose IPV. Among those willing to disclose abuse, 68% (n=221) would opt to disclose to close relatives in contrast to 32% (n=103) who would disclose to some form of institutions (i.e. religious leaders, law enforcement officers). Ethnicity, woman’s own use of alcohol and autonomy in decision making such as having a say on household purchases, money use and visitation, independently predicted willingness to disclose IPV. Conclusions:The role of family is still important in the Nigeria context and the implications for research and intervention are discussed

Global investment in dryland Eastern Africa has accentuated inequalities and social difference

Eastern Africa’s pastoral drylands have witnessed an influx of large investment to develop the region’s land, resources and infrastructure. In areas inhabited by various pastoral and agro-pastoral groups, these projects have in many cases proceeded with little consideration for local livelihoods and social relations. Jeremy Lind, Doris Okenwa and Ian Scoones argue they have accentuated inequalities and social difference within the host communities

Effect of Cooperative Type and Age on Profit Performance: A Study of Cooperative Societies in Awka North LGA in Anambra State, Nigeria

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of cooperative type and age profiles on profit performance, as measured by the gross margin in Awka North LGA, Anambra State. The main research instrument was the questionnaire, which was used to obtain data from registered 35 farmers’ multipurpose cooperative societies (FMCS). Descriptive statistics such as means, tables, frequency count etc., were extensively used while inferential statistics like correlation and regression analyses were used to test formulated hypotheses. After collating and analysing the data, it was seen that FMCS was not only the dominant cooperative type but was also the oldest. It was also found that type and age profiles had significant influence on gross margin. The study therefore recommends a deepening of activities of FMCS in the area, through increase in government assistance and establishment of more FMCS in communities where they do not exist at the present.Key Words: Cooperative societies, financial performance, gross margin, regression analysi

Traumatic long bone fractures in children seen in a metropolitan tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Injuries in children are a well-known occurrence and often lead to fractures. The fractures may affect long bones, occur in all ages and could be accidental or non-accidental with associated injuries that may cause disability or permanent deformity. Lack of epidemiological research on causes, mechanism of injury and site of long bone fractures in children in our environment prompted this study. The study evaluates variables that maybe responsible for long bone fractures in children and document them accordingly for use in planning injury prevention strategies in children. The study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in a metropolitan city (Enugu State University of Science and Technology [ESUT] Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria). Medical records of patients, ward admission register, accident and emergency register and theatre registers were used for data collection. Children under 16 years who presented to the hospital with long bone fractures between January 2015 and December 2017 were part of the study. Eighty-five children with 86 long bone fractures out of 258 children that presented and were admitted into the orthopedic service were noted. Mean age of patients was 7.2 years + 1.8 years. The commonest long bone fractured was the femur n- 23 (26.7%). Males-female ratio was 1.15:1. Fall from height was the commonest cause of injury and abrasion/laceration the commonest associated injuries. Long bone fractures in children occur mostly due to falls from height and affects the femur more than any other bone. Bimodal annual occurrence rate has been noted and caregivers ought to be more vigilant during those times to help reduce the rate of long bone fractures in children