Integrative Humanism: Extensions and Clarifications

When we talk of African philosophy as a different philosophical tradition we do not wish to suggest that it studies different range of realities from those that concern the other philosophical traditions. What we demonstrate is the difference that arises in approach or method naturally informed by the resident logic. Thus in African philosophy we study ultimate reality of which being is at the center. What being and even nothingness mean for us is not the same with what they mean in other traditions. Unity: we sometimes say that being is one single whole without wishing to say that this view is monistic. In this light we hold that being is complete with both physical and spiritual aspects. Duality: we also share the view on the duality in nature without insisting that this is strict and permanent. Duality for Africans is essentially a point of inferential departure not a terminal point. The dual arrangement of things in nature is to necessarily lead to a tripartite conception. Triadic conception: this is the terminal point of all inferences in African thought. Yes, there is duality in nature but they exist as fragments and contraries i.e. incomplete in themselves but capable of coming together to form a whole. Obtaining this fusion of contrary fragments represents an inference from duality to triadic conception of reality. What this African conception is all about is not that being is tripartite or dual but that the coming together of two aspects of being is necessary for the formation of being

The solitary and cnoidal waves in shallow water

The problems associated with shallow-water waves has received considerable attention in the recent years. In the case of solitary and cnoidal waves, it is often assumed that the nonlinear and dispersion effects balance whilst dissipation is slight or totally neglected in the areas of the shallow water concerned. As a follow-up, this model attempts to provide a description of the classical solitary waves and the related cnoidal oscillations using the traditional shallow-water equations (WHITHAN G. B., Linear and Non-Linear Waves (Wiley and Sons) 1973, pp. 460-470). The derivations in this case do not involve any series expansion; and thus, they differ significantly from the approach using the Korteweg-de Vries (KDV) equations (WHITHAN G. B., Linear and Non-Linear Waves (Wiley and Sons) 1973, pp. 460-470; ZABUSKY N. J. and GALVIN C. J., Shallow waves. The KDV equation and solitons, J. Fluid Mech., 47 (1971) 811-824). Consequently, this model attempts to describe the wave pattern even when the wave height grows as high as very close in magnitude to the depth of the corresponding undisturbed water layer or before breaking begins. In this consideration, realistic shallow-water parameters are used to examine the structure of the wave processes concerned

APPROXIMATION OF FIXED POINTS OF SOME CLASSES OF NONLINEAR MAPPINGS

We introduce a new class of nonlinear mappings, the class of generalized strongly successively Phi- hemicontractive mappings in the intermediate sense and prove the convergence of Mann type iterative scheme with errors to their fixed points. This class of nonlinear mappings is more general than those defined by several authors. In particular, the class of generalized strongly successively Phi- hemicontractive mappings in the intermediate sense introduced in this study is more general than the class defined by Liu et al. [Z. Liu, J. K. Kim and K. H. Kim, Convergence theorems and stability problems of the modified Ishikawa iterative sequences for strictly successively hemicontractive mappings, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 39 (2002), No. 3, pp. 455-469]

CONVERGENCE THEOREMS ON ASYMPTOTICALLY GENERALIZED Phi-PSEUDOCONTRACTIVE MAPPINGS IN THE INTERMEDIATE SENSE

In this study, we introduce the class of asymptotically generalized Phi-pseudocontractive mappings in the intermediate sense and prove the convergence of Mann type iterative scheme to their fixed points. Our results improves and generalizes the results of Kim et al. [J. K. Kim, D. R. Sahu, Y. M. Nam, Convergence theorem for fixed points of nearly LLipschitzian mappings, Nonlinear Analysis 71 (2009) 28332838] and several others

Strong convergence and stability of Kirk-multistep-type iterative schemes for contractive-type operators

In this paper, we introduce Kirk-multistep and Kirk-multistep-SP iterative schemes and prove their strong convergences and stabilities for contractive-type operators in normed linear spaces. By taking numerical examples, we compare the convergence speed of our schemes (Kirk-multistep-SP iterative schemes) with the others (Kirk-SP,Kirk-Noor, Kirk-Ishikawa, Kirk-Mann and Kirk iterative schemes) for this class of operators. Our results generalize and extend most convergence and stability results in the literature

Serological Survey Of Salmonella gallinarum Antibody In Chickens Around Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

A serological survey of the prevalence of antibodies to Salmonella gallinarum among chickens under two different management systems around Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria was carried out using the standard plate agglutination test. The objective of this study was to determine serologically the prevalence of antibodies against Salmonella gallinarum among apparently healthy chickens around Jos. A total of 700 serum samples made up of 450 exotic and 250 local breed of chickens were used for this study with 37.9% seropositvity. In the free range system (19.3%) of the flocks sampled were seropositive for Salmonella gallinarium antibodies while in the semi intensive, 18.6% of the flock tested positive. The serum agglutination test (SAT) was adapted to the microtitre format used to determine somatic and flagella titres. The antigen used for this study was specific for S. gallinarum, hence differentiation between species infection was assessed in this study. Perhaps the most feasible way to eradicate the disease is to encourage farmers (both small and large scale) to break the disease cycle at their levels by embarking on prompt and regular vaccination programmes. It is thus concluded that Salmonella gallinarum (fowl typhoid) is present in the area investigated. Fowl typhoid may continue to have a negative effect on the economy of poultry production in Nigeria if not controlled. A statistical analysis was precluded due to inadequate data sets

A second large plasmid encodes conjugative transfer and antimicrobial resistance in O119:H2 and some typical O111 enteropathogenic \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/i\u3e strains

A novel and functional conjugative transfer system identified in O119:H2 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain MB80 by subtractive hybridization is encoded on a large multidrug resistance plasmid, distinct from the well-described EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. Variants of the MB80 conjugative resistance plasmid were identified in other EPEC strains, including the prototypical O111:NM strain B171, from which the EAF plasmid has been sequenced. This separate large plasmid and the selective advantage that it confers in the antibiotic era have been overlooked because it comigrates with the virulence plasmid on conventional gels