The spectral energy distribution of NGC 1275

An analysis of absolute spectral energy distributions of interstellar gas for a galaxy (NGC 1275) is presented. Infrared spectra data shows heavy reddening. It is proposed that the interstellar gas may be ionized by shock waves or by nonthermal or stellar radiation. It is suggested, that high velocity, emission-line knots are H2 regions in a Perseus cluster galaxy or intergalactic gas cloud seen in projection against NGC 1275

Optical and infrared spectrophotometry of 18 Markarian galaxies

Slit spectra, spectrophotometric scans and infrared broad band observations are presented. Eight of the program galaxies can be classified as Seyfert galaxies. Arguments are given that thermal, nonthermal and stellar radiation components were present. One group of Seyfert galaxies was characterized both by the presence of a high density region of gas and by a continuum dominated by nonthermal radiation. The continua of the remaining program Seyferts, which did not have a high density region of gas, were dominated by thermal radiation from dust and a stellar continuum. Ten of the galaxies, which are not Seyfert galaxies, are shown to be examples of extragalactic H 2 regions

High resolution CCD spectra of stars in globular clusters. Part 2: Metals and CNO in M71

Palomar coude CCD spectra of resolution 0.3 and 0.6 has been used to redetermine abundances in five stars of the relatively metal rich globular cluster M71. The (Fe/H) value is restricted to the limits of -0.6 to -1.0. The largest source of uncertainty is a systematic difference in f-values between those derived via the Holweger-Muller (1974) solar model and the Bell et al. (1976) solar model. If we use absolute f-values measured by the Oxford group (Blackwell et al. 1982) we find Fe/H to lie in the range of -0.6 to -0.75, i.e., as given by using the Bell et al. solar model. The relative abundances of the light elements, i.e., Na through Ca and probably including Ti show an average excess relative to iron of 0.4 dex. The effect of this difference on metal indices derived from broad- and narrow- band photometry is discussed. For three stars we find O/H = -0.6 using absolute f-values. For CN an analysis of individual rotational lines of the 2-0 band of the red system yields lines in the (C/H,N/H) plane that are consistent with either an original C/Fe = N/Fe = 0 or a modest increase in N relative to C due to CN burning and mixing. A search for C-13N was not successful and an uncertain lower limit of C-12/C-13 near 10 was obtained

An Assessment of Training Needs of Arabic School Teachers in Lagos State: Implication for Planning Training and Retraining Programmes

The study identified the training needs of teachers in the Arabic schools in Lagos State. The study involved Head Teachers in 42 selected Arabic schools operating in Akoka, Bariga and Somolu areas in the Lagos metropolis. The subjects were given a list of six possible teaching competencies and asked to appraise their level of competence in each, and also indicate their willingness to attend a short refresher course on pedagogy. The study revealed that the respondents are deficient in varying degrees in communicative English – both oral and written, preparation of scheme of work and lesson plan, including formulation of behavioural objectives and evaluation of teaching – learning outcomes. Additionally, majority of the respondents showed positive attitude towards remedying their areas of deficiency. It was concluded that education faculties, education and training consultants and operators of Arabic schools in the State have an important role to play in utilizing the findings of the study to plan and implement appropriate training and retraining programmes for teachers. Keywords: Arabic Schools; Teaching Competencies; Retraining Programmes International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 249-25

Evaluation of contact activities of leaf extracts from four plant species against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculiondae)

Experiments were conducted in the Biotechnology Central Laboratory, the Biological Sciences Laboratory and the Animal House of the Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, to test the insecticidal effects of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Chromolaena odorata, Mallotus oppositifolius and Tithonia diversifolia. Doses of 0.5ml, 1.0ml, 1.5ml, and 2.0ml of ethanolic leaf extracts and dose of about 0.5ml, 1.0ml and 3.0ml of aqueous extracts were applied to 20g of maize grains in which 5-13 adult Sitophilus zeamais were released for adult mortality tests. The results showed that the highest (100.00%) mortality of Sitophilus zeamais was obtained when a dose of 1.5ml of Tithonia diversifolia and 2.0ml of Chromolaena odorata, Mallotus oppositifolius and Tithonia diversifolia was applied and the least (21.21%) mortality was recorded from treatments of 0.5ml of Azadirachta indica, while for aqueous extracts the highest mortality recorded was (21.66%)and the least (0.00%) mortality of adult Sitophilus zeamais. The adult mortality of Sitophilus zeamais was non-significantly (P>0.05) different between the ethanolic extracts used and aqueous extracts used. The findings of this study also showed that ethanolic extracts were more effective than aqueous extracts used and higher dose of ethanolic leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata, Mallotus oppositifolius and Tithonia diversifolia were more effective in protecting maize grains against Sitophilus zeamais infestation. It was observed that stains were left on the grains applied with ethanol extracts. Therefore, more research work is recommended on providing a solution that ensures the removal of the stains left by the extract on the grain

Absolute Spectral Energy Distribution of Quasi-Stellar Objects from 0.3 to 2.2 Microns

The absolute spectral energy distribution from 0.32 to 2.2 μ, has been obtained for twenty-eight quasi-stellar sources. Photometry at 2.2 μ, has been obtained for an additional fifteen objects. The data show that the continua over this wavelength range generally can be described with a power-law spectrum; the index varies from -0.2 to -1.6, with the entire range being populated. For quasi-stellar objects which are known to have large-amplitude variations in visual magnitude, the energy distributions remain sensibly unchanged during the variations. No characteristic of the energy distribution in the observed range of wavelengths which distinguishes between radio-quiet and radio-active quasi-stellar objects is found. The near constancy of the observed ratio of the line intensities of Lɑ to the C IV line can be interpreted as implying an electron temperature of 20000° K. The range of equivalent widths of both (Hɑ + [N II]) and Lɑ is small. The ratio of the number of photons in the Lyman continuum with respect to the number in the Lɑ line is not consistent with radiative recombination from an opaque source

Spectrophotometry and Infrared Photometry of BL Lacertae

The absolute spectral-energy distribution of BL Lacertae from 0.315 to 2.2 μ indicates that the optical radiation might be a continuation of the observed radio synchrotron flux. The very steep slope of the spectral-energy distribution suggests that the object is not a quasi-stellar radio source. Only one very faint spectral feature may exist, and no redshift can be derived