Cognitive behavioral approaches to the patients suffering from depression due to maladjustment in the work place: two case reports

The authors report two cases of depression in which Beck's cognitive therapy was effective. Case 1was a 32-year-old man who had been troubled with the recurrent depression for about eight years in spite of regular medication. Case 2was a 30-year-old man who had been chronically depressed for one year. Maladjustment in the work place was involved in the development of their depressive symptoms. Through the psycho-therapeutic sessions, they were encouraged to identify their cognitive distortions such as emotional reasoning, all-or-nothing thinking and disqualifying the positive, and assisted to modify their cognitive distortions by means of cognitive behavioral techniques. Gradu-ally gaining self-efficacy, they became able to cope well with their present problems. Both of them finally recovered from depression and, especially in case1, he could overcome recurrence. The active ingredients in successful cognitive therapy were discussed. It was also stressed that the capacity to be sufficiently introspective to identify negative automatic thoughts and to be sufficiently logical to understand how the thoughts are distorted was requisite for this therapy

The effects of caffeine on the human Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), visual evoked potential (VEP) and EEG

The effects of caffeine on central nervous system were investigated with SEP and VEP (EPs). The subjects were 25 healthy male volunteers aged 24-44 with a mean caffeine consumption of 251.4 mg/day, and were divided into the light and heavy consumer groups according to DSM-IV criteria for caffeine intoxication. They were given 3 mg/kg of body weight of caffeine or placebo in a double-blind cross-over design. EEGs containing SEPs evoked by electric stimuli to the right median nerve and VEPs by flash stimuli were recorded before, 30, 60, 90 minutes after dosing. The consecutive changes in EPs and EEG power% were studied and the following results were obtained. 1. Overall subjects had few components with significant changes in latencies and amplitudes of SEP and VEP after administration of caffeine. 2. EEGs recorded together with EPs showed a significant increase in α1 power% and a significant decrease in δ, θ and β２ power%. 3. There were also no significant differences in EPs measures and EEGs between the light and heavy consumer groups, except for EEG power% of VEP with the heavy costumer group showing an earlier appearance of changes. In conclusion, 3 mg/kg of body weight of caffeine administered in the present study did not effect on SEP and VEP as well as EEGs

Synthesis and selection of hindered new amine absorbents for CO2 capture

AbstractThis work focuses on synthesizing and selecting hindered new amine absorbents to reduce the regeneration energy cost for CO2 capture. To achieve this target we synthesized seven secondary and two tertiary amine based CO2 absorbents with systematic modification of their chemical structures by an appropriate placement of substituent functional groups especially the alkyl functions (e.g. methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl etc.), relative to the position of the amino group. Performances evaluations of these new absorbents in aqueous solutions were carried out based on their CO2 absorption rate, absorption capacity and heat of reaction measurements. Particular attention was paid to absorbents with a potential for high absorption rate and low heats of reaction. The results for the synthesized amino alcohols were then compared with conventional absorbents AMP and MDEA which were chosen as the base case for all comparisons. We found three high performance absorbents with advantages of high absorption rate and low heats of reaction compared with AMP and MDEA. Absorbents higher CO2 absorption rate and lower heat energy consumption characteristics will reduce the regeneration energy cost of CO2 during stripping

Extraction of Contributing Factors to Motor Ability : On the Fundamental Motor Skills of Urban Children

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contributing factor to motor ability of elementary school children. The tests of 30m dash and standing long jump were administrated as dependent variables according to the accepted procedures. The conditioning factors were selected from the following areas : children\u27s domestic atmosphere; experience of disease ; diets, and nutritonal status ; parental attitudes toward the upbringing of their chidren. The variables were obtained by means of questionnair completed by the children\u27s parents. The children were the second grade children of Kusagae elementary school in the center-commercial area of Fukuoka-city. The mean score of each dependent. variable of the respective sexes were computed, and the F-values derived from the analysis of variance formed the basis for finding out. the contributing factors. The results obtained are as follows : 1) The following factors are the more important variables influencing physical performance of children. Boys : physical constitutional tendencies to disease; experience of disease ; quantity of food intake ; tendencies to unbalanced diets. : times of extra snacks ; parental attitude toward child upbringing (encouragement of daily activity, taking nutritional drug) ; degree of daily activity. Girls : birth order; physical consitutional tendencies to disease ; quantity of food intake; attitude concerning of foods of herself, and sisters) ; parental attitudes towards child upbringing (taking nutritional drugs) ; degree of dally activity. 2) The diets nutritional factor and degree of daily activity, among other things, are the most important in both sexes. The former factor shows higher interrelationships among brothers and sisters than between children and parents. 3) Children\u27s health status and history of disease correlate to present status of their motor ability. However, the difference between the weak children who suffer from long term illness and the normal children is not significant. 4) The interaction of their constitutional tendecies to disease and the encouragement of daily activity with a few other factors show significant effect on present status of children\u27s motor ability. The generality of above mentioned results is restricted to present subjects who living at rural district, and dependent variables. The socio-economic status, therefore, should not be rejected.児童の運動能力に貢献し,あるいは制約すると思われる要因を検索する目的で,運動能力(30m走,立幅とび)の測定値を従属変量とし,家庭環境・親兄弟に関する要因,疾病の既往歴・健康に関する要因,栄養・食事に関する要因,養育態度に関する要因を内容とした質問紙の結果を結合し一元配置分散分析,二元配置分散分析をほどこした。対象とした児童は福岡市内中心部の商業地域にある小学校在籍者である。結果は次のように要約できる。(1)従属変量について中央値,最頻値,平均値,尖度,歪度を求めた結果,正規分布と呼べる分布型に近似するといえるが,尖度には問題がある。(2)フェースシート(家庭,親兄弟)に関する項においては有意な効果を認めることはほとんどの場合できなかった。(3)疾病や健康の領域では胃腸消化器系の疾患がかなり効果をもつことが考えられるが,慢性的な虚弱者とそうでないものの間には,運動能力の差が有意とは認められなかった。(4)栄養・食事摂取においては偏食傾向の有無,食事量などに有意な効果を認めることができた。しかしそのlinearityに関しては若干問題が残る。(5)養育態度に関しては栄養剤の投与,友人の年令,運動,遊びの勧めあるいは子ども自身の運動の活発性などに有意な効果があると推察された。(6)交互作用については体質の強弱とその他二,三の要因間の交互作用,運動のすすめ方,活発性とその他一,二の要因間の交互作用に有意性が認められた。上記の結果は,本研究の対象児童,対象地域,従属変量のうちでのみ一般化され得るものであり,それ故えに家庭環境要因を棄却すべき立場のものではない。従属変量,要因の整理もしくは拡大が今後に不可欠な問題であり,また縦断的なデータの蓄積が必要である

Distribution Types of Fundamental Motor Skills of High School Pupils : On the Test of Normality from Several Statistics

The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not the frequency polygons of the three types of fundamental motor skills in senior high school pupils, 15 through 17 years old 6341 boys and 2441 girls are \u22bell-shaped\u22 normal curves. The record of 50m dash (running skill), running long jump (jumping skill), and handball distance throw (throwing skill) of the pupils of the one prefectural high school were measured in the adminlstration by the physical educator within the several weeks of new school life. The dataset were constructed by 9 or 8 cohorts (entrauce years, 1971 to 1979) by 3 ages (15 to 17 years old), which were calleld. cohort-sequential study of Schaie\u27s trifactorial design. Several statistics of each skill were given from the raw data and the frequency table by the second to the fourth order moments and percentiles. The g1, g1\u27, SKQ, SKD mean of skewness of the distribution, otherwise g2, g2\u27 and kappa mean of kurtosis, respectively. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The significance of age effect by sex recognized on all of skills except the jumping and throwing skills of girls. 2) In both sexes, generally speaking, the positive skewness were obsereved in each fundamental motor skill from momentum and quantiles. In some cases, the skewness of jumping skills has tendency to converge to zero and it was not significant. Therefore, these may be identified the normalty. 3) The tendency to convergence to zero in kurtosis were inferior to skewness of each skill in both systems. The features of three types motor skills have the leptokurtic type. That is, they have a long tailness