Kontribusi Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu terhadap Penghidupan Masyarakat Hutan: Studi Kasus di Dusun Pampli Kabupaten Luwu Utara

The contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFP) to local livelihood has been studied in Pampli hamlet Luwu Utara district South Sulawesi. This study was conducted using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Method from early September to late November 2005. Study results indicated that, although the hamlet community owned rice field and occupied hectares of farming land, their income was generated mostly from collecting NTFP. Rattan is the main species among the NTFP from where almost all of the households earn cash. A rattan collector could earn more than Rp. 1,000,000 of cash within 16 days in the forest. Wild honey, resin, and gaharu were other kinds of NTFP that are also collected by hamlet community for earning cash. Fresh water shrimp and fishes collected from the Patikala river served the major portion of protein needed by the hamlet community, while some plant species collected from the forest were used for medicines and vegetable as well. Fuelwood collected from the forest was the only source of energy for the hamlet community. Since NTFP could fill their need for cash and other living-requirements anytime they want, there was a tendency that the hamlet community did not plant their farming land intensively using crops or fruit trees

Karakteristik Ekologi Dan Aspek Silvikultur Eboni (Diospyros Celebica Bakh.) Sulawesi Selatan

This paper describes the ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.)site characteristics in Amaro Forest,Barru District, South Sulawesi including its secondary succession to create a favourable conditions for stand establishment. Association analysis shows that a wide variety of lowland species have been identified grows together with the ebony.Physical characteristics rather than chemical fertility of soils show a great value in supporting ebony stand growth.Poor stand with low natural regeneration of these remaining fragmented forests suggest the need to apply enrichment planting and improvement cutting to increase their productivity

The potential conservation value of anthropogenically modified habitat for the Endangered moor macaque Macaca maura in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Human-induced land-use change has resulted in substantial loss and degradation of habitat for forest-dwelling wildlife. The moor macaque Macaca maura, an Endangered primate endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, has been observed in a wide array of habitats, including heavily modified areas, but little is known about the quality of these habitats. Here we compared the habitat quality of two areas occupied by moor macaque populations: a previously human-modified karst forest now located within a national park and a heavily modified forest located in an unprotected area. We assessed habitat quality by measuring specific indicators of potential food availability derived from vegetation data and quantified the nutritional environment based on macronutrient analysis of fruit samples collected at the two sites. Although the species richness, diversity and overall stem density of macaque food trees were greater in the protected area forest, total basal area and mean diameter at breast height were greater in the heavily modified forest. Mean metabolizable energy concentrations of fruits eaten by macaques were similar between forests, as were the proportions of protein, lipids and total non-structural carbohydrates. These results provide further support for the notion that heavily modified habitats should not be overlooked for their potential conservation value. To further augment their value, conservation efforts should focus on forest restoration, specifically the planting of fast-growing species that are utilized by both wildlife and people

Roadside monkeys: anthropogenic impacts on moor macaque (Macaca maura) ranging patterns in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia

"Roadside monkeys: Anthropogenic impacts on moor macaque (Macaca maura) ranging patterns in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia" Erin P. Riley, Joshua S. Trinidad, Kristen S. Morrow, Cristina Sagnotti, Monica Carosi, and Putu Oka Ngakan A growing body of research focuses on how roads, an increasingly pervasive form of infrastructural development, affect wildlife and ecosystems. At our field site in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia, a major provincial road bisects the home range of multiple groups of moor macaques (Macaca maura). One of these groups has been habituated to human presence for many years, but it has never been observed interacting with people traveling on the road. Recently though, we observed a behavioral shift by this group involving them spending approximately 30% of the day along the road where they wait for motorists to toss them food and forage in trash pits. Our research focused on how this behavioral shift has affected their use of space. We compared spatial use data collected before the shift (2010-2011) with data collected after the shift began (2016-2017) to assess changes in ranging patterns. The spatial location of the group was recorded every 30 min during 6-h behavioral observation blocks using Garmin 60Csx and MAP 64s units. We analyzed the spatial data using ArcGIS v. 10.3 and Geospatial Modeling Environment (GME). We used the minimum convex polygon (MCP) tool to calculate home range size and the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) tool to generate core areas for both time periods. We generated daily path lengths (DPL) by using the points-to-line tool for each individual day per time period. Daily path length was significantly longer in 2016-2017 (mean ± SD: 1430 ± 154 m) compared to 2010-2011 (mean ± SD: 1089 ± 85 m) (Z = -2.857, p = .004). Total home range size increased from 2010-2011 (MCP = 33.7 ha, KDE 95% = 29.4 ha) to 2016-2017 (MCP = 57.9 ha, KDE 95% = 42.7 ha), as did core area size (8.6 ha to 11.7 ha). The percentage of GPS points from the KDE 95% located within 15 m of the road increased from 2010-2011 (12.9%) to 2016-2017 (18.7%). Our results suggest that access to human foods on the road has resulted in the group increasing their daily travel and expanding the size and adjusting the location of their range to include more area in proximity to the road. These changes could negatively affect the group’s ability to maintain access to its original core area and increase the likelihood of injury from motorists and vehicles

Roadside monkeys: anthropogenic effects on moor macaque (Macaca maura) ranging behavior in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia

A growing body of research focuses on how anthropogenic factors affect the behavior and ecology of primates and their ecosystems. Infrastructural development, such as roads, is an increasingly pervasive anthropogenic impact that destroys primate habitat, affects the distribution and dispersal of primates, and facilitates human–primate interactions. At our field site in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia, a major road bisects the habitat of the endangered moor macaque (Macaca maura). Beginning in 2015, we observed a behavioral shift by our main study group: they began spending more time along the road foraging in trash pits and waiting for provisions from vehicles. Our objective in this study was to examine how access to anthropogenic foods has affected the group’s ranging behavior by comparing ranging data collected before (2010–2011) and after the shift (2016–2017). In contrast to what we expected, home ranges were significantly larger and daily travel distance was significantly longer after the shift compared to before. As predicted, mean distance to the road decreased after the shift. These results likely reflect the irregular and spatially dispersed nature of provisioning at this site. The macaques appear to be attracted to the road because it presents opportunities to obtain palatable and energy-dense foods. Our results indicate that moor macaques are able to flexibly adjust their ranging behavior in response to anthropogenic impacts. However, given the risks of being in proximity to roads and humans, management of this emerging human–macaque interface is needed

Preliminary Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Two Wild Groups of Endangered Moor Macaques (Macaca maura) from Sulawesi

Information on parasite biodiversity and abundance can improve our understanding of parasitic infections on endangered wildlife, as parasites can affect host survival and reproduction and may play a crucial role in determining population dynamics. We conducted a noninvasive assessment of gastrointestinal parasites in wild Macaca maura, an Endangered primate endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and examined the influence of season and sex on parasite richness and prevalence. We collected fecal samples (N = 72) from 18 individuals from two groups. We collected data from September 2014 to February 2015 and from June to November 2016, sampling each individual at least twice. We detected two taxa of nematodes (Trichuris sp. and Strongylida fam. gen.) and eight of protozoa (Giardia duodenalis, Chilomastix mesnili, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba polecki-like, Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Balantoides coli, and Blastocystis sp.). The gastrointestinal parasite richness (2.5 ± 0.4 SD) was below the mean reported for nonthreatened primates, whereas the mean prevalence of infection across all parasites (56.3%) was above the mean. We did not find any statistically significant difference in parasite richness or prevalence between seasons or the sexes. This preliminary assessment addresses the paucity of studies on parasites of wild primates in Southeast Asia and can contribute to our understanding of the newly emerging human–macaque interface at this site