A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF Moringa oleifera AND ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE CHLORIDE IN GREYWATER TREATMENT IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

Two methods of treating water using a natural coagulant and a chemical coagulant were assessed. The natural coagulant was Moringa oleifera seeds (a forest plant) i.e Treatment ‘A’ while the chemical used was Aluminum hydroxide chloride i.e Treatment ‘B’. The aim of this study was to compare the use of a natural coagulant with a chemical coagulant.  Samples were collected at Omida,  Ibara, Mama Cass, Mr Bigg’s and Sidipon village respectively. The filtrate of   Moringa oleifera seed extract was dosed into the greywater sample at 10% dosing range and made to run through a greywater treatment plant while Aluminum Hydroxide Chloride was also dosed at 10% dosing range and made to run through the treatment plant respectively. The greywater treatment plant   is a self designed treatment plant made to treat both water and wastewater. The raw water was firstly analyzed, after which the treated samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis.  Result for the physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of treatment ‘A’ before and after treatment were as follows: pH (9.3, 9.7), EC (2995, 1175μs), Temperature (27.7, 27.6oc) , TDS (365, 155ppm),  TSS (0.32, 0.30ppm), TS (376, 155ppm), Sulphate (588, 314mg/l), Magnesium (400, 260mg/l), Nitrate (7.5, 6.1mg/l), Phosphate (285, 12mg/l) and total coliform count after treatment is given as (2.8x103 cfu/ml), while that of treatment ‘B’ before and after treatment were as follows: pH(11, 9.9), EC (3000,630), Temperature (27.7, 27.6oc), TDS (0.47, 0.45ppm), TS (416, 320ppm), Sulphate (571, 246mg/l), Magnesium (820,  860mg/l), Nitrate (4.4, 6.0mg/l), Phosphate(169, 6.1mg/l)  the  total coliform count after treatment was  given as ; (3.0x103cfu/ml). One-way Anova test was used to determine differences between results obtained using the two coagulants. The result indicated no significant difference at p=0.05 between the two treatments. Hence, result was further compared with World Health Organization Standard for Drinking Water.  Comparatively, the analysis obtained from water treated with Moringa oleifera was found to be more effective than the chemical coagulant, and can be easily made available for the use of the populace.   &nbsp

Seasonal Variations of pH and Heavy Metals Content in Soil of Selected Housing Estates in Ogun State, Nigeria

There is a necessity to assess soil properties with the view to determining soil qualities relative to pollution and sustainability of ecosystem functions and plant productivity regardless of the scale. Soil samples (six points per site at 0-15 cm depth) from six selected housing estates across Ogun State were assessed for soil pH and heavy metals pollution in two dry and rainy seasons. The soil samples were digested using standard methods and analysed for seven selected metals: Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd using AAS. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Concentrations (mg/ kg) of the analysed metals were observed to vary from the lowest in the 2nd rainy season to the highest in 1st dry season respectively as Pb: 3.57 ± 0.02 to 39.87±0.47, Cd: 0.32±0.03 to 2.65±1.02, Mg: 11.94 ± 0.76 to 204.50 ± 15.02, Fe: 22.79 ± 0.45 to 303.50±16.52, Cu: 0.95±0.21 to 6.02±1.12, Zn: 0.12 ± 0.04 to 12.75±0.68, and Ni: 2.38 ± 0.33 to 33.89±0.37. There were indications that the soil samples were comparatively less polluted in the rainy seasons.Key words: soil qualities, ecosystem function, dry and rainy seasons, Nigeri

) Socio-Economic Factors, Occupation and Family Size as Predictors of Public Perception of Water Resources Planning in Oyo State

Abstract: The study investigated the effects of five socio-demographic variables (age, gender, occupation, family size, and socio-economic background) on public assessment of water resources planning in Oyo State. It employed a sample size of 210 respondents (101 males and 109 females) spread over six local government areas in Oyo State. It used a questionnaire in obtaining information from the respondents. The data obtained was analysed using frequency counts and multiple regression. The result showed that the five variables when taken together had a low positive relationship with public assessment of water resources planning (R=0.182). The observed F ratio is significant at 0.05 alpha level which signifies that the R2 value of 0.033 is not due to chance. In essence, 3.3% of the variance in public assessment of water resources planning in Oyo State is accounted for by a linear combination of the give demographic variables. However, occupation stood out as the best predictor of public assessment of water resources planning while the rest never contributed positively to the whole prediction. The result poses critical issues that need to be fully considered if the planning of water resources in Oyo State is to be effective and meaningful

Analytical Investigation of Pollutants in Lagos Coastal Waters, Nigeria

Abstract This paper deals with pollution aspect of environmental management and monitoring of the continental shores of the Lagos Lagoon for its sustainable development. The water quality assessment of coastal waters, at the principal locations of the lagoon susceptible to high level of pollution in the Ebute-Metta and Eti-Osa axis of the Lagos Lagoon was performed. Assessment was undertaken according to different physical and chemical parameters including biological oxygen demand (BOD), Dissolved oxygen (DO), electric conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), Alkalinity, Acidity, Total hardness (TH), grease content, major cations and anions, and some heavy metals. Results showed that the Shores of the Lagos lagoon at the Iddo and C.M.S axis becomes progressively polluted by the waste materials discharged along its course. Thus, Lagoon at these locations currently faces a number of serious environmental and ecological challenges. Urbanization and high commercial activities at this axis of the Lagoon contributed to the water quality deterioration with regional consequences on the aquatic ecosystem and on the health of the down stream's user groups. This synergetic effect is of concern for the sustainable use of the resources

Evaluation of seasonal variation of water quality using multivariate statistical analysis and irrigation parameter indices in Ajakanga area, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract The variation of groundwater quality across different regions is of great importance in the study of groundwater so as to ascertain the sources of contaminants to available water sources. Geochemical assessment of groundwater samples from hand-dug wells were done within the vicinity of Ajakanga dumpsite, Ibadan, Southwestern, Nigeria, with the aim of assessing their suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. Ten groundwater samples were collected both in dry and wet seasons for analysis of physicochemical parameters such as: pH, EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, $$\text{HCO}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO3- Cl−, $$\text{SO}_{4}^{2 - }$$ SO42- , $$\text{NO}_{3}^{2 - }$$ NO32- principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to determine probable sources of groundwater contamination. The results of the analyses showed the groundwater samples to be within permissible limits of WHO/NSDWQ, while elevated values of concentrations of most analyzed chemical constituents in water samples were noticed in S1 and S10 due to their nearness to the dumpsite and agricultural overflow, respectively. Groundwater in the study area is of hard, fresh and alkaline nature. There are very strong associations between EC and TDS, $$\text{HCO}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO3- and $$\text{CO}_{3}^{2 - }$$ CO32- in both seasons. PCA identified five and three major factors accounting for 95.7 and 88.7% of total variation in water quality for dry and wet seasons, respectively. PCA also identified factors influencing water quality as those probably related to mineral dissolution, groundwater–rock interaction, weathering process and anthropogenic activities from the dumpsite. Results of CA show groups based on similar water quality characteristics and on the extent of proximity to the dumpsite. Assessment for irrigation purpose showed that most of the water samples were suitable for agricultural purpose except in a few locations