Apollo experience report: Electronic systems test program accomplishments and results

A chronological record is presented of the Electronic Systems Test Program from its conception in May 1963 to December 1969. The original concept of the program, which was primarily a spacecraft/Manned Space Flight Network communications system compatibility and performance evaluation, is described. The evolution of these concepts to include various levels of test detail, as well as systems level design verification testing, is discussed. Actual implementation of these concepts is presented, and the facility to support the program is described. Test results are given, and significant contributions to the lunar landing mission are underlined. Plans for modifying the facility and the concepts, based on Apollo experience, are proposed

Comparing Impeachment Regimes

Impeachment, whether of presidents, judges, or other government officials, is increasingly common in political systems around the world, most importantly in presidential systems, where it can be used to remove heads of state who otherwise serve fixed terms. Despite this existence of a common and important legal tool in many jurisdictions, comparative scholarship on impeachment is rare, especially by legal scholars. This article responds to that scarcity by offering a methodological approach upon which future comparative impeachment scholarship can draw. The approach addresses many of the legal and political issues that impeachment raises, and incorporates insights from both law and political science, based on a belief that impeachment cannot be fully understood through either a purely legal or purely political lens. In order to construct this approach, this article draws on characteristics of the impeachment regimes of the United States and the Republic of Korea, which differ along several important dimensions and can thus be used to highlight different approaches to common issues. The goal is to demonstrate the value of comparative impeachment scholarship to those who seek to understand impeachment more deeply, whether as scholars or as citizens

Analysis of energy consumption on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the United States: does renewable energy play a role?

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018Using CO₂ emissions as a representation of environmental degradation an empirical econometric analysis is conducted to see if there is evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve in the United States and if renewable energy consumption plays a significant role in CO₂ emission mitigation. The renewable energy consumption variable was broken down further to isolate geothermal, hydroelectric, biomass, solar, and wind energy consumption and explore their role in the analysis. An Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration with Pooled Mean Groups and Mean Groups estimations was used on U.S. state (including District of Columbia) specific data from 1987 to 2015 to calculate the long and short run results that would support an Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The panel of states was divided into low, medium, and high GDP brackets as disaggregate models and those were examined along with a model of the entire United States. Evidence for an Environmental Kuznets Curve for the United States could not be established in the aggregate model, however it was found that renewable energy consumption did have a negative coefficient, which indicates CO₂ emission mitigation through renewable energy consumption. Out of the individual renewable energy consumption variables tested, only wind energy consumption was found to be statistically significant while the model also exhibited evidence to support an Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in this aggregate model. Looking at the different GDP state brackets, low GDP states were the only bracket that yielded evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve in the disaggregate models. For estimations with the low GDP states bracket looking at the individual renewable energy consumption variables, hydroelectric, biomass, solar, and wind energy consumption variables were statistically significant as well. The medium GDP bracket states aggregate model did not yield conclusive results, stemming from the lack of slope in the GDP variable for this model. Out of the individual renewable energy consumption variables tested in the subset, biomass was the only energy consumption to be statistically significant while the model exhibited evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve. The high GDP bracket aggregate model did not yield results showing evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve, while the individual renewable energy consumption variable subset models geothermal and wind energy consumption were statistically significant within models showing evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve. Breaking out these separate renewable energy consumption variables in an Environmental Kuznets Curve analysis can provide empirical support for policy and investment in specific renewable energy technology

A Sensitivity Analysis on Oil and Gas Prices and How This Affects Sustainable Energy Implementation

A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine how variation of oil and gas prices affects the Net Present Value of sustainable energy technologies. The economic analysis was developed to determine if variations in fuel prices would alter a recommendation in a prior study of sustainable energy technology. Twenty five years of data was analyzed to determine the mean and to develop a sensitivity range of current fuel prices plus/minus one and two standard deviations. This created a range of five fuel prices in which the economic analysis, specifically Net Present Value, was performed. The results showed that most of the sustainable energy technologies that were recommended had Net Present Value responses proportionate to the change in fuel prices. In some cases, specifically a geothermal heat pump that was suggested in the prior study, this increase in fuel and gas prices increased the Net Present Value to become positive thus demonstrating that if we saw prices increase one standard deviation we would expect the geothermal to be a positive Net Present Value. This sensitivity analysis reflects how risks of errors in the forecast could be modelled to account for risks when performing an economic analysis, in turn making sustainable energy technologies more favorable to implement

Die Bildung von Tropfen an Düsen und die Auflösung flüssiger Strahlen

Shows by means of high-speed motion pictures that the breakup of a jet passes successively through three phases (breakup according to Rayleigh — breakup according to Weber-Haenlein — atomization), and that the transition from one phase to the next occurs at increasing higher Reynolds No's. as a function of a dimensionless term, containing viscosity, surface tension, density, and orifice diameter Z = η / √(σ ρ d) where η is the absolute viscosity, σ is the surface tension, ρ is the density and d is the orifice diameter.Mechanical Engineerin

Developing Development Theory: Law and Development Orthodoxies and the Northeast Asian Experience

None of the orthodox theories about law and economic development produced in recent decades has been based on a study of the miracle economies of Northeast Asia, nor have any of these orthodoxies seriously been tested against the Northeast Asian experience of law and development. This article conducts such a test, finding that none of these orthodoxies fares well when its claims are tested against the Northeast Asian experience. Rather than using Northeast Asia\u27s experience to produce yet another orthodoxy, however, this article instead proposes rethinking how we understand the task of legal technical assistance, a rethinking which is based upon a close reading of Northeast Asia\u27s experience

Symposium: The Future of Law and Development, Part V

There are enough questions on the table to get us going, so I’ll focus on responding to some of them. First, to an issue raised by Salil Mehra and Tom Ginsburg, I generally follow the approach taken by Trubek and Santos in The New Law and Economic Development. Their approach defines the field (“doctrine”) of Law and Development to encompass the activities of legal assistance providers, as well as the ideas about law, and about development economics, that animate their work. There are different strategies for studying the providers’ activities, and Terence Halliday and Bruce Carruthers’s research for their book, Bankrupt, provides an outstanding example of the detailed sociological work some Law and Development scholars undertake. But the academic enterprise doesn’t really seem separable from the activities of the providers. We could discuss the pros and cons of that dependence, but I do not think we can avoid it. The institutional players in the field rise and fall in importance over time, the ideologies concerning law and economics that animate their work change over time, the external environment affecting the institutions changes over time, and this complex, dynamic stew provides the academic core of Law and Development. The academic field is not merely the sum of the projects, as Tamanaha appears set to argue, but is instead the study of those projects in their political, historical, and ideological contexts. The problem this background poses for the scholar is that he or she must first figure out a level of engagement with the institutional players that will allow the scholar to understand what is actually going on inside them, and in their relations with national governments, while leaving the scholar free to provide serious academic analysis and critique. I sometimes joke that Law and Development is a field where those who know don’t talk, and those who talk don’t know, but it is actually a serious problem for a scholarly field