The Hyperbolic Yang–Mills Equation for Connections in an Arbitrary Topological Class

This is the third part of a four-paper sequence, which establishes the Threshold Conjecture and the Soliton-Bubbling versus Scattering Dichotomy for the energy critical hyperbolic Yang–Mills equation in the (4 + 1)-dimensional Minkowski space-time. This paper provides basic tools for considering the dynamics of the hyperbolic Yang–Mills equation in an arbitrary topological class at an optimal regularity. We generalize the standard notion of a topological class of connections on Rd, defined via a pullback to the one-point compactification Sd= Rd∪ { ∞} , to rough connections with curvature in the critical space Ld2(Rd). Moreover, we provide excision and extension techniques for the Yang–Mills constraint (or Gauss) equation, which allow us to efficiently localize Yang–Mills initial data sets. Combined with the results in the previous paper (Oh and Tataru in The hyperbolic Yang–Mills equation in the caloric gauge. Local well-posedness and control of energy dispersed solutions, 2017. arXiv:1709.09332), we obtain local well-posedness of the hyperbolic Yang–Mills equation on R1+d(d≥ 4) in an arbitrary topological class at optimal regularity in the temporal gauge (where finite speed of propagation holds). In addition, in the energy subcritical case d = 3, our techniques provide an alternative proof of the classical finite energy global well-posedness theorem of Klainerman–Machedon (Ann. Math. (2) 142(1):39–119, 1995. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118611), while also removing the smallness assumption in the temporal-gauge local well-posedness theorem of Tao (J. Differ. Equ. 189(2):366–382, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0396(02)00177-8). Although this paper is a part of a larger sequence, the materials presented in this paper may be of independent and general interest. For this reason, we have organized the paper so that it may be read separately from the sequence

Inhibitory Effect of the root of Polygala tenuifolia on Bradykinin and COX 2-Mediated Pain and Inflammatory Activity

Purpose: To gain insight into the mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the root extract of Polygala tenuifolia.Methods: Polygala tenuifolia was extracted with 70 % methanol and tested for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) using the following models: acetic acid-induced writhing, rat paw edema, bradykinin inhibtion with rat ileum, and prostaglandin assay.Results: Administration of the Polygala tenuifolia extract at 100 mg/kg dose produced significant analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced writhing (97 % inhibition) but its effect in the tail-flick test was not significant (p < 0.05). In addition, the extract exerted significant anti-inflammatory effect in the rat paw edema model (8 to 33 % inhibition) at doses ranging from 0.1 - 100.0 mg/kg). A significant inhibitory action (53%) on the bradykinin-mediated contractions of rat ileum was also observed. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the production of lipopolysaccharides-induced 6-keto-PGF1α by 28% in macrophage cultures.Conclusion: These results provide evidence that the Polygala tenuifolia root extract exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via its significant inhibitory effect on acetic acid writhing test, bradykinin-mediated actions as well as on 6-keto-PGF1α induction.Keywords: Polygalae radix, Bradylinin, Prostaglandin, COX-2, Inflammation, Analgesi

Temperature dependent core-level photoemission study of UNiSn

UNiSn undergoes an anomalous phase transition at T-N = 47 K, at which temperature it transforms from an antiferromagnetic metal to a paramagnetic semiconductor with an energy gap similar or equal to 70 meV. In order to investigate how the electronic structure of UNiSn changes as it crosses the transition temperature, we have used the X ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) technique from 20 to 70 K. According to the XPS studies, the U 4f core levels are almost temperature independent while the Ni 2p core levels and the satellite structure display a weak anomaly at T-N

Microstructure-dependent DC set switching behaviors of Ge-Sb-Te-based phase-change random access memory devices accessed by in situ TEM

Phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) is one of the most promising nonvolatile memory devices. However, inability to secure consistent and reliable switching operations in nanometer-scale programing volumes limits its practical use for highdensity applications. Here, we report in situ transmission electron microscopy investigation of the DC set switching of Ge-Sb-Te (GST)-based vertical PCRAM cells. We demonstrate that the microstructure of GST, particularly the passive component surrounding the dome-shaped active switching volume, plays a critical role in determining the local temperature distribution and is therefore responsible for inconsistent cell-to-cell switching behaviors. As demonstrated by a PCRAM cell with a highly crystallized GST matrix, the excessive Joule heat can cause melting and evaporation of the switching volume, resulting in device failure. The failure occurred via two-step void formation due to accelerated phase separation in the molten GST by the polaritydependent atomic migration of constituent elements. The presented real-time observations contribute to the understanding of inconsistent switching and premature failure of GST-based PCRAM cells and can guide future design of reliable PCRAM.1176Ysciescopu

Toxicity assessment of modified Cry1Ac1 proteins and genetically modified insect-resistant Agb0101 rice

Insect-resistant Agb0101 rice was recently developed by modifying the cry1ac1 gene by changing codon usage changes relative to the native truncated cry1ac1 gene. To assess the toxicity of genetically modified Agb0101 rice, we conducted bioinfomational comparisons of the amino acid sequences that are not similar to known toxic proteins. Sufficient quantities of mCry1Ac1 protein were produced in Escherichia coli for in vitro evaluation and animal study. We compared the amino acid sequences and molecular mass. There have the same amino acid sequences and molecular masses after purifying the modified Cry1Ac1 (mCry1Ac1) protein from highly expressed bacteria and genetically modified rice were identical. We also investigated the acute and 90-days oral toxicities. No adverse effects were observed in mice following acute oral exposure to 2,000 mg/ kg body weight mCry1Ac1 protein of body weight and 90 days oral exposure to Agb0101. These results indicate that mCry1Ac1 proteins and Agb0101 rice demonstrate no adverse effects in these tests when applied via gavage and feed, respectively.Key words: Modified Cry1Ac1, food safety assessment, toxicity, insect- resistant rice Agb0101

Detection of Heparin in the Salivary Gland and Midgut of Aedes togoi

Mosquitoes secrete saliva that contains biological substances, including anticoagulants that counteract a host's hemostatic response and prevent blood clotting during blood feeding. This study aimed to detect heparin, an anticoagulant in Aedes togoi using an immunohistochemical detection method, in the salivary canal, salivary gland, and midgut of male and female mosquitoes. Comparisons showed that female mosquitoes contained higher concentrations of heparin than male mosquitoes. On average, the level of heparin was higher in blood-fed female mosquitoes than in non-blood-fed female mosquitoes. Heparin concentrations were higher in the midgut than in the salivary gland. This indicates presence of heparin in tissues of A. togoi.X111Ysciescopu

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of SEDL

SEDL (known also as sedlin) is a 140 amino-acid protein with a putative role in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport. Several missense mutations and deletion mutations in the SEDL gene, which result in protein truncation by frame shift, are responsible for spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, a progressive skeletal disorder. The protein is identical to MIP-2A, which was shown to interact physically with c-myc promotor-binding protein 1 (MBP-1) and relieve the regulatory role of MBP-1 as a general transcription repressor. In order to gain insights into the function of SEDL by structural analysis, the protein was overexpressed and crystallized as a first step. SEDL was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 298 K. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 46.69, b = 101.30, c = 66.15 A. The unit cell is likely to contain one molecule of SEDL, with a crystal volume per protein mass (VM) of 2.36 A3 Da-1 and a solvent content of about 47.9% by volume. A native data set to 2.8 A resolution was obtained from a flash-cooled crystal using synchrotron radiation.open1

Genome-wide identification of microRNA-related variants associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key post-Transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Genetic variation in miRNAs and miRNA-binding sites may affect miRNA function and contribute to disease risk. Here, we investigated the extent to which variants within miRNA-related sequences could constitute a part of the functional variants involved in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), using the largest available genome-wide association study of AD. First, among 237 variants in miRNAs, we found rs2291418 in the miR-1229 precursor to be significantly associated with AD (p-value = 6.8 × 10 â '5, OR = 1.2). Our in-silico analysis and in-vitro miRNA expression experiments demonstrated that the variant's mutant allele enhances the production of miR-1229-3p. Next, we found miR-1229-3p target genes that are associated with AD and might mediate the miRNA function. We demonstrated that miR-1229-3p directly controls the expression of its top AD-Associated target gene (SORL1) using luciferase reporter assays. Additionally, we showed that miR-1229-3p and SORL1 are both expressed in the human brain. Second, among 42,855 variants in miRNA-binding sites, we identified 10 variants (in the 3′ UTR of 9 genes) that are significantly associated with AD, including rs6857 that increases the miR-320e-mediated regulation of PVRL2. Collectively, this study shows that miRNA-related variants are associated with AD and suggests miRNA-dependent regulation of several AD genes

Graphene-edge dielectrophoretic tweezers for trapping of biomolecules

The many unique properties of graphene, such as the tunable optical, electrical, and plasmonic response make it ideally suited for applications such as biosensing. As with other surface-based biosensors, however, the performance is limited by the diffusive transport of target molecules to the surface. Here we show that atomically sharp edges of monolayer graphene can generate singular electrical field gradients for trapping biomolecules via dielectrophoresis. Graphene-edge dielectrophoresis pushes the physical limit of gradient-force-based trapping by creating atomically sharp tweezers. We have fabricated locally backgated devices with an 8-nm-thick HfO2 dielectric layer and chemical-vapor-deposited graphene to generate 10× higher gradient forces as compared to metal electrodes. We further demonstrate near-100% position-controlled particle trapping at voltages as low as 0.45 V with nanodiamonds, nanobeads, and DNA from bulk solution within seconds. This trapping scheme can be seamlessly integrated with sensors utilizing graphene as well as other two-dimensional materials

The effect of umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension rats

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) causes right ventricular failure due to a gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The purposes of this study were to confirm the engraftment of human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) placed in the correct place in the lung and research on changes of hemodynamics, pulmonary pathology, immunomodulation and several gene expressions in monocrotaline (MCT)induced PAH rat models after hUCB-MSCs transfusion. The rats were grouped as follows: the control (C) group; the M group (MCT 60 mg/kg); the U group (hUCB-MSCs transfusion). They received transfusions via the external jugular vein a week after MCT injection. The mean right ventricular pressure (RVP) was significantly reduced in the U group after the 2 week. The indicators of RV hypertrophy were significantly reduced in the U group at week 4. Reduced medial wall thickness in the pulmonary arteriole was noted in the U group at week 4. Reduced number of intra-acinar muscular pulmonary arteries was observed in the U group after 2 week. Protein expressions such as endothelin (ET)-1, endothelin receptor A (ERA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 significantly decreased at week 4. The decreased levels of ERA, eNOS and MMP-2 immunoreactivity were noted by immnohistochemical staining. After hUCB-MSCs were administered, there were the improvement of RVH and mean RVP. Reductions in several protein expressions and immunomodulation were also detected. It is suggested that hUCB-MSCs may be a promising therapeutic option for PAH.1174Ysciescopu