Evaluation of Flow Rate Correction in Water Pipeline Distribution Network by Two Numerical Methods of Solution

This study evaluates flow rate correction and approximate flow rates in  loops for three different case studies of closed looped pipe distribution network systems using Hardy Cross and Newton Raphson. Darcy Weisbach head loss equation was also used to account for major losses. Manual calculation was initially done for each case study followed by a C-Sharp programming software which was developed to affirm the manual  calculation. For one looped network, head loss around the loop converged from 25.60 m to 0.13 m at the third iteration. The two looped network head loss around each loop converged from 170.97 m and 8.92 m to 0.05 and 0.06 m for Hardy Cross at the sixth iteration while the head loss are 0.88 m and 0.24 m at the fourth iteration for both Hardy Cross and Newton Raphson method while for the three looped network, it has head losses around the three loops converged after the fourth iteration from 0.26, 1.36 and 18.32 m to 0.13, 0.11 and 0.10 m respectively for Hardy Cross at thirditeration while the head losses are 0.03, 0.00 and 0.05 m for Newton  Raphson method. Newton Raphson method was found to have a better convergence pattern because it convergences in a uniform manner unlike Hardy Cross method. Also, the program developed gave almost but more accurate results as compared to that of manual calculations with the agreement between them rated at 98%. Some slight differences encountered in the mathematical terms calculated were as a result of some accumulated approximation errors.Keywords: Pipe Distribution Network, Head loss, Convergence, Iteratio

The relationship between Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital in listed companies of mainland China

Open URL for the 8th ICICKM 2011 Proceedings - http://academic-conferences.org/pdfs/ICICKM_2011-Booklet.pdfAs the global economic power reshuffles, mainland China stood as the world’s biggest exporter in 2010, and has emerged as the second-largest economy in the world (CIA, 2010). In its transformation from a manufacturing-based economy to a knowledge-based economy, how well a business manages its knowledge or utilizes its intellectual capital may be an important factor in determining a …postprintThe 8th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management & Organisational Learning (ICICKM 2011), Bangkok, Thailand, 27-28 October 2011. In Proceedings of the 8th ICICKM, 2011, p. 14-1

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of SEDL

SEDL (known also as sedlin) is a 140 amino-acid protein with a putative role in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport. Several missense mutations and deletion mutations in the SEDL gene, which result in protein truncation by frame shift, are responsible for spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, a progressive skeletal disorder. The protein is identical to MIP-2A, which was shown to interact physically with c-myc promotor-binding protein 1 (MBP-1) and relieve the regulatory role of MBP-1 as a general transcription repressor. In order to gain insights into the function of SEDL by structural analysis, the protein was overexpressed and crystallized as a first step. SEDL was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 298 K. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 46.69, b = 101.30, c = 66.15 A. The unit cell is likely to contain one molecule of SEDL, with a crystal volume per protein mass (VM) of 2.36 A3 Da-1 and a solvent content of about 47.9% by volume. A native data set to 2.8 A resolution was obtained from a flash-cooled crystal using synchrotron radiation.open1

MERS-CoV antibody responses 1 Year after symptom onset, South Korea, 2015

We investigated the kinetics of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) neutralizing and spike protein antibody titers over the course of 1 year in 11 patients who were confirmed by reverse transcription PCR to have been infected during the outbreak in South Korea in 2015. Robust antibody responses were detected in all survivors who had severe disease; responses remained detectable, albeit with some waning, for <1 year. The duration of viral RNA detection (but not viral load) in sputum significantly correlated with the antibody response magnitude. The MERS S1 ELISA antibody titers correlated well with the neutralizing antibody response. Antibody titers in 4 of 6 patients who had mild illness were undetectable even though most had evidence of pneumonia. This finding implies that MERS-CoV seroepidemiologic studies markedly underestimate the extent of mild and asymptomatic infection. Obtaining convalescent-phase plasma with high antibody titers to treat MERS will be challenging.published_or_final_versio

Colossal magnetocapacitance and scale-invariant dielectric response in phase-separated manganites

Thin films of strongly-correlated electron materials (SCEM) are often grown epitaxially on planar substrates and typically have anisotropic properties that are usually not captured by edge-mounted four-terminal electrical measurements, which are primarily sensitive to in-plane conduction paths. Accordingly, the correlated interactions in the out-of-plane (perpendicular) direction cannot be measured but only inferred. We address this shortcoming and show here an experimental technique in which the SCEM under study, in our case a 600 Angstrom-thick (La1-yPry)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LPCMO) film, serves as the base electrode in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) trilayer capacitor structure. This unconventional arrangement allows for simultaneous determination of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) associated with dc transport parallel to the film substrate and colossal magnetocapacitance (CMC) associated with ac transport in the perpendicular direction. We distinguish two distinct strain-related direction-dependent insulator-metal (IM) transitions and use Cole-Cole plots to establish a heretofore unobserved collapse of the dielectric response onto a universal scale-invariant power-law dependence over a large range of frequency, temperature and magnetic field.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary section included, Submitted to Nature Physic

Observation of micro-scale surface morphology with microtexture development during plane strain tensile deformation in AZ31 magnesium alloy

The change of microstructure including microtexture and surface morphology in AZ31 magnesium alloy under plane strain tension was investigated by 3D observation combined confocal microscope and high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction. Micro-scale changes in the surface morphology were observed on the area including tensile twin bands. The mechanism for surface morphology variation was discussed with the nucleation of tensile twinning and the strain partitioning caused by continuing deformation after the nucleation of the twins.open1111sciescopu

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Allamanda cathartica. L. and Laurus nobilis. L. extracts on rats

BACKGROUND: Allamanda cathartica. L. is a perennial shrub used in traditional medicine for treating malaria and jaundice. Laurus nobilis. L. is a tree and has been used for its astringent, healing and diuretic properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the aqueous extracts of Allamanda and Laurus nobilis to evaluate their wound healing activity in rats. METHODS: Excision and incision wound models were used to evaluate the wound healing activity of both the extracts on Sprague Dawley rats. In each model, animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals each. In both the model, group 1 served as control and group 2 as reference standard. In an excision wound model, group 3 animals were treated with Allamanda (150 mg kg(-1 )day(-1)) and group 4 animals were treated with Laurus nobilis (200 mg kg(-1 )b.w day(-1)) for 14 days respectively. In the case of incision wound model, group 3 and 4 animals were treated with the extracts of Allamanda and Laurus respectively for 10 days. The effects of vehicles on the rate of wound healing were assessed by the rate of wound closure, period of epithelialisation, tensile strength, weights of the granulation tissue, hydroxyproline content and histopathology of the granulation tissue. RESULTS: The aqueous extract of Allamanda promoted wound healing activity significantly in both the wound models studied. High rate of wound contraction (P < .001), decrease in the period of epithelialisation (10.2 ± 0.13), high skin breaking strength (440.0 ± 4.53), significant increase in the weight of the granulation tissue (P < .001) and hydroxyproline (P < .001) content were observed in animals treated with the aqueous extract of Allamanda. Histological studies of the granulation tissue from the Allamanda treated group showed the presence of a lesser number of inflammatory cells, and increased collagen formation than the control. In Laurus nobilis treated animals, the rate of wound contraction, weight of the granulation tissue and hydroxyproline content were moderately high (P < .05). The histological study of the granulation tissue of the Laurus nobilis treated animals showed larger number of inflammatory cells, and lesser collagen when compared with the Allamanda treated group of animals. However, it was better than the control group of animals. CONCLUSION: The data of this study indicated that the leaf extract of Allamanda possesses better wound healing activity than the Laurus nobilis and it can be used to treat different types of wounds in human beings too

Controlled epitaxial growth modes of ZnO nanostructures using different substrate crystal planes

A combined experimental and theoretical investigation has clarified the nanometre-scale vapour-phase epitaxial growth of ZnO nanostructures on different crystal planes of GaN substrates. Under typical growth conditions, ZnO nanorods grow perpendicular to the GaN(0001) plane, but thin flat films form on GaN(10 (1) over bar1), (10 (1) over bar0) and (1 (1) over bar 20). High-resolution X-ray diffraction data and transmission electron microscopy confirm the heteroepitaxial relationship between the ZnO nanostructures and GaN substrates. These results are consistent with first-principles theoretical calculations, indicating that the ZnO surface morphologies are mainly influenced by highly anisotropic GaN/ZnO interface energies. As a result of the large surface energy gradients, different ZnO nanostructures grow by preferential heteroepitaxial growth on different facets of regular GaN micropattern arrays. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that ZnO nanotubes develop epitaxially on micropyramid tips, presumably as a result of enhanced nucleation and growth about the edges.open113031sciescopu