in nursing home residents

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of dementia and related factors and comorbid psychiatric disorder among elderly in nursing home. Methods: This study was done in 141 elderly people who live in Denizli nursing home. Dementia and psychiatric disorder were diagnosed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Mini Mental State Examination, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Global Deterioration Scale, Multidimensional observation scale for elderly subjects were used for elderly in this study. Results: Our study includes elderly people who are men (66%) and women, the mean age of group was 74.99 +/- 9.81 years, the mean education years was 1.79 +/- 3.03 years, mean duration in nursing home was 42.68 months. Prevalence of DSM-IV dementia was 62.4% (n=88). Out of patients with dementia 59 (67%) were Alzheimer Disorder, 22 (25%) were vascular dementia and 7 (%8) were the other type of dementia. Age, number of chronic physical disorder and the number of the drugs used were higher in dementia group than in non-dementia group. Level of education was lower in elderly with dementia than elderly without dementia. Older age than 76 years, residing in rural areas, low education level, having to Diabetes Mellitus are determined to be the risk factors for depressive disorders according to logistic regression analysis. At least one psychiatric disorder was associated with 45.6% of dementia patients and depressive disorder was found to be the most diagnosed entity. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia and comorbid depression is common among elderly people in nursing homes. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:301-309

in nursing home residents

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of dementia and related factors and comorbid psychiatric disorder among elderly in nursing home. Methods: This study was done in 141 elderly people who live in Denizli nursing home. Dementia and psychiatric disorder were diagnosed according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Mini Mental State Examination, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Global Deterioration Scale, Multidimensional observation scale for elderly subjects were used for elderly in this study. Results: Our study includes elderly people who are men (66%) and women, the mean age of group was 74.99 +/- 9.81 years, the mean education years was 1.79 +/- 3.03 years, mean duration in nursing home was 42.68 months. Prevalence of DSM-IV dementia was 62.4% (n=88). Out of patients with dementia 59 (67%) were Alzheimer Disorder, 22 (25%) were vascular dementia and 7 (%8) were the other type of dementia. Age, number of chronic physical disorder and the number of the drugs used were higher in dementia group than in non-dementia group. Level of education was lower in elderly with dementia than elderly without dementia. Older age than 76 years, residing in rural areas, low education level, having to Diabetes Mellitus are determined to be the risk factors for depressive disorders according to logistic regression analysis. At least one psychiatric disorder was associated with 45.6% of dementia patients and depressive disorder was found to be the most diagnosed entity. Conclusion: The prevalence of dementia and comorbid depression is common among elderly people in nursing homes. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 10:301-309

Quantitative EEG analysis in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Quantitative analysis of the EEG (q-EEG) in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) showed a decreased beta and an increased theta power at frontotemporal regions. The patients who had higher scores in doubting test (Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire) and more severely ill patients shared similar q-EEG features. The relative theta powers were significantly increased and alpha powers were significantly decreased in these patients, particularly in the frontotemporal region. It was suggested that the q-EEG may be useful in investigating the OCD patients with heterogeneous characteristics

of Patients with Major Depression Using H-1-MRS Technique

Objective:. The aim of the study is to investigate, by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS), the effects of major depression on the biochemistry of the brain, the relationship between the parametric changes demonstrated and cognitive functions, and the effects of antidepressant treatment.Method: The study included 30 patients, diagnosed with moderate/severe non-chronic major depression disorder (NC-MDD) according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, and 30 healthy individuals as the control group. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) areas of the patients and the control individuals were scanned bilaterally by H-1-MRS. The participants were also tested on the brief computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (or, Berg's "Wisconsin" Card Sorting Test-WCST). After antidepressant treatment for a minimum of 8 weeks, the patients who scored below 7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), were assessed with the H-1-MRS scan and the WCST.Results: The Glx level in the left DLPFC was significantly lower in the patient group. Differences were not determined between the NAA, Cr, Cho levels in the right and the left DLPFC of the patient and the control groups. After the treatment, Glx level in the left DLPFC increased; but the levels of the other metabolites did not change. Before the treatment, the abilities of the patient group in changing strategy and problem solving, as assessed by the WCST, were lower in comparison to the control group. After the treatment the patient group improved clinically and performed significantly better on the WCST.Conclusion: In the present neuroimaging (NI) study, it was determined that the Glx level in the left DLPFC of patients with moderate/severe NC-MDD improved together with the clinical features after treatment. Neurocognitive functions also improved after treatment. However, a correlation between the change in the metabolite levels and the performance on the WCST could not be demonstrated.C1 [Sendur, Ibrahim] Afyonkarahisar State Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Afyon, Turkey.[Oguzhanoglu, Nalan Kalkan; Varma, Gulfizar Sozeri] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Psychiat, Denizli, Turkey

Public Health Reports ; v. 76, no. 12, December 1961 : cover

1961657

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder are frequently comorbid diagnoses. Aim of this study was to compare the neurological soft signs in patients with bipolar disorder and in patients with comorbid ADHD to those in control subjects. This study helps us to understand the impact of ADHD on the soft neurological signs in bipolar disorder in adults.Methods: Sixty euthymic patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder and 33 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. The Wender Utah Rating Scale, Adult ADHD Rating Scale and The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders were administered to the participants. The subjects were classified into three study groups, namely, bipolar patients with comorbid ADHD (n=13), bipolar patients without comorbid ADHD (n=47) and controls. We performed the Neurological Evaluation Scale in the three groups.Results: Comorbid ADHD group showed poor performance on complex motor tasks such as fist-ring test and fist-edge-palm test, while bipolar group showed poor performance on Ozeretski test. Comorbid ADHD patients performed poorly on graphestesia, stereognosis and primitive reflexes.Conclusion: Abnormalities of repetitive motor performance and primitive reflexes observed in comorbid ADHD patients support the hypothesis that ADHD involves a deficit in fronto-striatal-thalamic neurocircuits. In contrast, impaired sequential motor performance in BP subjects shows deficits in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These results show that the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and ADHD may be related to different areas, and comorbid ADHD may increase the severity of the soft neurological signs. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2011; 48: 107-13

sympathetic skin responses in social anxiety disorder

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of emotion recognition, expression and discrimination, and sympathetic skin responses (SSR), the effects of drug and psychodramatic group therapy on social anxiety disorder (SAD). Method: The study included 32 patients with SAD and 16 healthy controls. Sixteen patients in the SAD group received only medication (SAD-1), 16 patients underwent additional psychodramatic group therapy (SAD-II). Participants were applied Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Facial Emotion Identification and Discrimination tests (FID, FDSC); during the application FID, sympathetic skin responses were measured. Results: The scores of SAD-I and SAD-II groups were higher than the control group before the treatment. Although LSAS scores were decreased in SAD groups after treatment, it was still higher than the control group. There was no difference in TAS-20, FID and FDSC scores between the groups after the treatment. Patients with SAD compared to control group SSR rates were found higher before the treatment, more autonomous activity to negative stimuli, sensitivity to positive stimuli was less than control group, after the treatment; SSR rates were determined to be decreased significantly. While patients were finding a chance to experience different types of communication, providing awareness of the situations in which they experience anxiety and accompanying physical symptoms in group therapy, they showed more improvement in recognizing emotions compared to drug treatment. Discussion: While both drug and group therapy provide the ability to reduce anxiety symptoms, improve recognizing and differentiating emotions. Our results have shows that psychodramatic group therapy provides more benefits in recognizing others' feelings.C1 [Oguzhanoglu, Nalan Kalkan; Varma, Gulfizar Sozeri; Ugurlu, Tugce Toker] Pamukkale Univ, Tip Fak, Psikiyatri AD, Denizli, Turkey.[Bayraktutan, Mustafa] Edirne Sultan 1 Murat Devlet Hastanesi, Edirne, Turkey