Quality of sleep in children with chronic illnesses attending the outpatient clinics in Sagamu, Ogun State: A preliminary report

Background: Children with chronic diseases are reported to have poor sleep. Factors inherent in chronic disorders and the pathology of the  diseases are some factors known to cause sleep disorders. There is a paucity of data in Nigeria on this abnormality among chronically ill children.Objective: To assess the quality of sleep in children with chronic diseases attending the Children Out-patient Clinics of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu.Materials and Methods: A crosssectional survey of children presenting with various chronic disorders at the Paediatric Speciality Clinics of the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu was done. The caregivers and mothers were interviewed using the Pittsburgh Sleep QualityIndex (PSQI) and socio-clinical questionnaires.Results: One hundred and fifteen children were studied. Sleep initiation was less than 30 minutes in 86% of the sampled population. Males had a lesser duration of sleep initiation than females. The mean duration of sleep was 9.6(± 1.93) hours. Sleep quality was poor in 15.7% of the study population. Children with renal diseases formed the bulk of those with poor sleep. The sleep disorders reported included frequent night waking (59.1%), snoring (15.6%) and day time sleepiness (10.4%). The extent of the effect of poor quality of sleep on daytime activities was not studied.Conclusion: Sleep quality is poor among children with chronic diseases. Further large scale, multicenter study is desired to be able to generalize the findings and to determine possible effects of poor sleep quality on academic performance and quality of life. Keywords: Children, Chronic diseases, Quality of Sleep, Snoring

Sleep quality and psychological morbidity among physicians in southwest Nigeria

Objectives: The role of the physician has increasingly become more expansive, and demanding. These demanding schedules have played a heavy toll on sleep patterns and increased psychological stress. The objective of the study was to assess sleep quality and psychological morbidity among Physicians.Method: A cross-sectional survey of 95 voluntary consenting physicians from different specialties during a 2-day conference. We administered Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and General Health Questionnaire-12.Results: About 13.6% (n=13 out of 95) had a score above 2 on General Health Questionnaire-12, indicating psychological morbidity. Those who reported poor sleep quality (>5) made up 36.8% (n=35) of the respondents, There were positive significant correlation between hours spent on call and total scores on GHQ at r=0.230, p=0.03. Only subjective sleep quality (component 1) was significantly correlated with total GHQ scores at p=0.001Conclusion: The findings in our study showed a relationship between sleep quality (component 1) psychological morbidity. We observed that long work schedules was the only factor associated with psychological morbidity and sleep quality. It is imperative for work-time stress management to be instituted among physicians.Keywords: Sleep quality, psychological morbidity, physicians, work schedules, Nigeri

Analysis of combustible municipal solid waste fractions as fuel for energy production exploring its physico-chemical and thermal characteristics

An investigation study on municipal solid waste generation and physicochemical characteristics of combustible fractions was carried out in Ilorin metropolis. This was driven by a need to meet energy demand and reduce the consequential effects of wastes for clean and green habits. Ilorin waste sector, requires detailed information on the physicochemical characteristics of the wastes fractions, to choose the appropriate method for waste management in the city. A240 litres bin volume of wastes was sampled 62 times within eight months at Lasoju dump-site. The conformity of the combustible wastes with the characteristics required of solid fuel was investigated. Manual sorting enables access to vital information about recovery and characteristics of waste components. Nine out of nineteen components characterized, were selected for Laboratory analyses. The results of the physical characterization, shows that 70% MSW generated is combustible. The proximate analysis reveals that the wastes contain more than 64% fixed carbon, 33 % volatile matter and 5 % of moisture content, while the ultimate analysis shows more than 29 % of carbon which can contribute to the calorific value of the MSW. Nitrogen is about 2.8 % and Sulphur about 0.2 %; the small average amount of Nitrogen and sulphur present, will cause reduction of emissions during combustion. The energy content of the MSW determined, using bomb calorimeter was about 20 MJ/kg. The results show that the MSW stream in Ilorin metropolis would serve as a reliable and sustainable renewable energy resource via combustion method

Quality of sleep and psychological morbidity among paramedical and medical students in Southwest Nigeria

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the quality of sleep and psychological morbidity between medical students and paramedical students.Methods: A cross sectional survey of one hundred and eighty-six students of the College of Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria, were surveyed using socio-demographic questionnaires, Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire and General Health questionnaire.Results: The mean ages among paramedical students was 20.63±1.6 and medical students was 22.80±2.93 respectively. Medical Students had a higher percentage of those who had poor sleep quality (86.7% ,≥ 5, n=85) than the paramedical students (38.6%, n=34) and higher mean scores on General Health Questionnaire, M(SD) = 8.75(5.01) than the Paramedical group, M(SD) = 6.53(2.97) respectively.Conclusion: The findings in our study showed that medical students had poorer sleep quality and higher psychological morbidity in comparison to paramedical students, efforts should be made to reduce academic stress and improving sleep quality.Keywords: Sleep, Psychological Morbidity, Medical Students, Paramedical Students, Medical Educatio

Dataset for the development of a diagnostic schedule for a defective LC-195V5 CNC milling machine at FUTA central workshop

The dataset represented in this article describe a diagnostic schedule for a defective LC-195V5 CNC milling machine using PERT. The efficiency of the technicians who repaired the CNC machine tools was measured based on fault location within the shortest possible time. A diagnostic schedule was developed which showed the sequential means of troubleshooting within a possible shortest time. Two approaches were employed. Forward Pass (FP), which involved the diagnosis from electrical parts through Computer (CNC) to mechanical components and Backward Pass (BP) which involved the diagnosis from computer component through electrical parts to mechanical parts. Three different levels of expertise (trials) were used for each of the mode of diagnosis and the time to diagnose each component part was recorded. Two separate PERT network diagrams were drawn based on the inter-relationship of the component parts of the machine and their Critical Paths were determined

INVESTIGATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN ADDITIVES ON SOME SELECTED REFRACTORY PROPERTIES OF ANT-HILL CLAY FOR FURNACE LINING

The choice of appropriate locally sourced refractory materials for lining of locally produced furnaces has remained a major concern in which numerous efforts has been put in place to enhance the performance of the local contents of furnace lining materials. This study investigates the effects of certain additives such as Pulverized Glass Wastes (PGW) and Bentonite on some selected refractory properties of ant-hill clay. 100% finely-ground ant-hill clay, clean water and proportionate amount of Bentonite and PGW were manually mixed, consolidated and oven-dried at 110 oC for a period of 8 hours at varying additives percentages. Compressive strength, apparent porosity, permeability, filtration rate, thermal conductivity and bulk density were experimentally determined... The results showed that the compressive strength, bulk density and thermal conductivity of Ant-hill clay increased significantly on addition of additives while there was corresponding decrease in the values of the filtration rate, apparent porosity and permeability. These values were enhanced by Bentonite and pulverised glass waste additions to the Ant-hill clay. The test results for the compressive strength, thermal conductivity, filtration rate, apparent porosity, bulk density and permeability of no-additive clay samples are 156.4 N/m2 , 0.0028 W/m2K, 0.0041cm3 /s, 0.0009 %, 6.3 g/cm3 and 0.0012 cm/s, respectively. However, the sample-mix consisting 100% ant-hill clay with 80% PGW and 20% Bentonite produced 333.4 N/m2 , 0.0032 W/m2K, 0.0037 cm3 /s, 0.00018 %, 9.5 g/cm3 and 0.0015 cm/s as optimum values for the compressive strength, thermal conductivity, filtration rate, apparent porosity, bulk density and permeability, respectively. Therefore, 80%PGW/20%Bentonite additives gave the optimum results for the production of refractory clay blocks for furnace linin

Psychiatric Morbidity and Psychosocial Challenges among the Elderly attending a General Out-Patient Facility of A tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Old age comes with worries and limitations. Although psychiatric disorders have been documented, few studies have related their self-assessed ruminations and worries in association with psychological morbidity and relevant socio-demographic factors. The study was a descriptive cross sectional study. Two hundred and six participants were recruited for the study.  Participants were recruited from patients aged 60 and above presenting at the General Out-patient clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, a major city in southwestern part of Nigeria over a period of six months. Interviews were done using Patient Health Questionnaire. More than half (57.8%) of the participants met the criteria for psychological morbidity. There was significant association between age and depression (X2=6.516, p=0.011). Females significantly had more psychopathology (X2=8.719, p=0.003), depression (X2=6.357, p=0.012) and somatization disorder (X2=10.624, p= 0.001) than the males while the males significantly had more generalized anxiety disorder (X2=17.524, p=0.000) than the females. Significant associations were seen between psychopathology and worries about health (X2=36.603, p=0.000), no one to turn to (X2=7.67, p=0.00) and about stressful things in life (X2=29.12, p=0.000). The study revealed that there was high prevalence of psychological morbidity and was associated with specific worries among the elderly. Physicians caring for the elderly, should explore personal worries and pay attention to psychological morbidity among the elderly. Keywords: Psychiatric morbidity, old age, psychosocial challenge

Development of a WormCAD using Parametric Design Approach

Gears as power transmission devices are capable of changing the speed, torque, and direction of a power source and are considered to be one of the most important devices used in many types of machinery owing to their durability and higher power transmission efficiency. Worm gears as a type of gear are widely used for transmitting power at high velocity ratios between non-intersecting shafts. Worm gears are very useful in machine design but its design requires a lot of design assumptions and calculations. To achieve a rapid design devoid of errors, there is need to have a customized computer program capable of designing worm gears using standardized design equations; and that is what WormCAD stands for. The software was designed using JavaScript programming language and the Node.js platform. The WormCAD was tested to be accurate, faster and convenient hence it will be a viable software to be used by worm gear designers

Effect of stand‑off height on the shear strength of ball grid array solder joints under varying pad sizes

The solder joints of ball grid array utilized in consumer electronics systems or assemblies degrade and fail overtime. Their degree of degradation is more critical, especially at elevated temperatures and mechanical loading conditions. This study presents the effect of component standoff height (CSH) on the shear strength reliability of ball grid array solder joints under different pad sizes. Investigation of the impact of standoff height on the mechanical reliability of the solder joint of ball grid array components under different pad sizes was conducted in this work. Isothermal ageing of test samples were conducted at 150 °C for 8 days. This study focuses on establishing the relationship between CSH and shear strength of the solder joints under different pad sizes and the corresponding effect of prolonged elevated temperature conditions on the mechanical integrity of the soldered joints. The work also identifies the failure mode and examines the region of the failed joints and surfaces to provide information on the morphological characteristics of the material microstructure. The results of this study demonstrate that the smallest pad size (19 mil) gave the lowest shear strength of 61.08 MPa with a high standoff height of 0.25 mm as compared to the largest pad size (24 mil) with the highest shear strength of 70.43 MPa having a relatively low standoff height of 0.22 mm. Keywords: Stand-off height · Ball grid array · Solder joint · Shear strength · Pad size