Anisotropic properties of fractures in parts of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria using azimuthal resistivity survey (ARS). Res

Abstract: This study investigated the groundwater potentials and anisotropic properties of fractures for sustainable groundwater development within Ibadan metropolis. Eighteen Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and three Azimuthal Resistivity Surveys (ARS) were conducted in an area covering about 135km 2 in northeastern part of Ibadan. Graphical interpretation of the VES data revealed the area to be underlain by three to four geo-electric layers; top soil (14.7 to 441.4 Sm), weathered layer (2.95 to 712 Sm), fractured bedrock (10.0 to 255 Sm) and fresh/basal bedrock (307.6 to 2188.8 Sm) with depth to fracture systems ranging from 15-160m. The directions of electrical anisotropy lie dominantly at NW-SE and NE-SW, while N-S and W-E are less prominent. Coefficient of anisotropy ranges between 8.79 and 1.0 and fracturing porosity varies between 1.62 and 0.01 assuming the anisotropy is due to fracturing. Result of groundwater head contouring also showed that groundwater flow is dominantly in NW-SE and NE-SW directions which possibly could be associated to fracture-controlled flow

Preparation, Release Pattern And Antibacterial Activities Of Chitosan-Silver Nanocomposite Film

The present study examined the preparation of chitosan-silver nanocomposite film as carriers for silver release pattern. Chitosan, a biopolymer having immense structural possibilities for chemical and mechanical modifications to generate novel properties, functions and applications. Chitosan – silver nanocomposite has been synthesized by simple chemical reduction method, which is a simple and an inexpensive method. The chitosan-silver (crosslinked) nanocomposite film was characterized in terms of their surface plasmon resonance and crystalline structure by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Scanning electron microscope. Swelling and release studies were carried out on the nanocomposite film. Antibacterial activities of chitosan-silver nanocomposite film were investigated on human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii and Klebsiella pneumonia using agar well diffusion method. Chitosan-silver (crosslinked) demonstrated a slower release pattern relative to silver-chitosan (uncrosslinked); both became dislodged and completely released at 120 minutes and 90 minutes respectively. The results of the antibacterial activities revealed that the cross-linked nanocomposite film has higher antibacterial properties than the close component. This study provides novel nanocomposite film potentially useful for drug delivery

Preparation, Release Pattern and Antibacterial Activities of Chitosan-Silver Nanocomposite Films

The present study examined the preparation of chitosan-silver   nanocomposite films as carriers for silver release pattern. Chitosan a biopolymer   having immense structural possibilities for chemical and mechanical modifications   to generate novel properties, functions and applications. Chitosan–silver   nanocomposite films has been synthesised by reduction method, which is a simple   and inexpensive method. The chitosan-silver nanocomposite films was   characterized in terms of its surface plasmon resonance and crystalline structure by   using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and   Scanning electron microscope. Swelling and release studies were carried out on   crosslinked and un-crosslinked nanocomposite films. Antibacterial activities of   chitosan-silver nanocomposite films were investigated on some pathogens:   Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii   and Klebsiella pneumonia using agar well diffusion method. crosslinked chitosan-silver nanocomposite demonstrated a slower release pattern relative to un-crosslinked chitosan-silver nanocomposite. The crosslinked and un-crosslinked   nanocomposite became dislodged and completely released at 120 minutes and 90   minutes respectively. The results of the antibacterial activities revealed that the   cross-linked chitosan-silver nanocomposite films has higher antibacterial   properties than un-crosslinked chitosan-silver nanocomposite films. This study   provides nanocomposite films potentially useful for delivery system.</p

Growth, nutritive value and dry matter degradability of three Tephrosia species

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the potential of Tephrosia bracteolata (TB), Tephrosia candida (TC) and Tephrosia linearis (TL) for animal feed. In an 18-week growth experiment, Tephrosia species differed (

Macro elements utilization in W.A.D. does fed combined levels of Andropogon gayanus (kunth) and Gliricidia sepium (jacq) with cassava offal based concentrate

Twenty West African Dwarf Does of average weight of 5±0.58 kg aged between 3 and 6 months were used to determine the combination effect of Andropogon gayanus and Gliricidia sepium with cassava offal based diets on minerals balance The five (5) treatments were I (Gs0); 100% Ag + 0% Gs; II (Gs25) 75% Ag +25%Gs; III (Gs50); 50%Ag +50% Gs; IV (Gs 75); 25% Ag+ 75% Gs; V (Gs100);0% Ag + Gs100. Apparent (gm) lowest and highest Ca absorption and retention were observed in Gs0 (94.81) and Gs 25 (115.04) as well as Gs0 (94.73) and Gs25 (114.81) indicating a  quadratic response to Gs levels whereas linear reduction with increasing levels were absorbed in apparent P absorption (Gs100 (19.18) to Gs 0(33.38) and retention (Gs 100(18.85) to Gs 0 (33.36) and Mg was Gs 100 (18.13) to Gs 0 (38.68) and GS 100(17.42 ) to Gs100 (38.57) respectively. Highest and Lowest (P&lt;0.05) apparent (gm) Na absorption and retention were absorbed in Gs0 (74.79) and GS 100 (38.81) as well as Gs0 (74.74) and 100 (33.43).. Slight quadratic response was exhibited in K absorption and retention (Gs0 (14.81) to Gs100 (123.36) and Gs0 (41.48) to 100 (122.08) and lastly more quadratic response to levels was exhibited in Sulphur (gm) absorption (Gs25(18.37) to Gs0 (36.05) and Gs25 (93.20) to Gs0 (95.31). Although no negative balance was recorded, characteristics of accelerated and efficient usage of nutrients were not linearly related tolevels increments.Key Words: Grass-legume mixture, cassava offal, W.A.D.-Does, mineral- balanc

Preliminary studies on Tephrosia species: Effect of seed treatments on germination

Germination tests were conducted on the seeds of three species of Tephrosia (T. bracteolata, T. candida, and T. linearis) to investigate potential seedling establishment and possible pre-treatments to improve seed germination. Pre-culture treatments were: i) No treatment (control), ii) rubbed in sand paper, iii) soaking in boiled water for 30 seconds, iv) for 3 minutes, v) for 5 minutes, vi) soaking in concentrated sulphuric acid, and vii) soaking in water for 24 hours. After treatment, a total of two hundred and fifty seeds (5 replicates each of 50 seeds) were cultured on moist filter paper for 15 days. Cumulative percentage germination, percentage dormant seeds and germination rates were calculated. Seeds of all the species of Tephrosia exhibited innate dormancy at varying levels, but most pronounced in T. linearis. Soaking seeds in boiled water for 30 seconds to 5 minutes resulted in higher seed germination (

Growth, nutritive value and dry matter degradability of three tephrosia species

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the potential of Tephrosia bracteolata (TB), Tephrosia candida (TC) and Tephrosia linearis (TL) for animal feed In an 18 week growth experiment, Tephrosia species differed (P&lt;0.05) in leaf number (LN) and stem height (SH). TB and TL had apparent (P&lt;0.05) early and persistent growth than TC until weeks 12-18 when they retarded in growth at the commencement of flowering. TC however, increased geometrically in LN and SH. There were significant (P&lt;0.50) differences among the species in dry matter (DM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). The DM, CP, NDF, ADF, EE and ash range from 30-41.8, 24-26.5, 62.5- 68.5, 45.8-48.4, 2.3-26 and 5.6-6.2% respectively. Calcium and sodium were highest (P&lt;0.05) in TB and TL species were not significantly (P&lt;P.05) different in degradation characteristics. Lower amount of crude protein (10-14.81%) was released in the 3 Tephrosia species. As a result of rapid growth, high nutritive values and easily degradable nutrients of Tephrosia shrubs, ruminants could benefit immensely from the plants.Keywords: Nutrient, utilization, dry matter, degradation, Tephrosia, specie

Effect of Hot Water on the Germination Rate of Cassia siamea L. Seeds

An experiment   was carried out to determine the effects of hot water treatment on the germination rate, germinabulity and rottenness on seeds of Cassia siamea L. The seeds were evaluated for rate of germination after a pre-treatment with hot-water  at (1000C) for the  following durations:   no heat treatment (control), 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 min. designated as T0, T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 respectively. The highest percentage germinability (100) was in T1and the lowest  (17) in T0, percentage rottenness was highest and lowest  in T0 (25) and T5 (0), respectively.T1 and T5 gave the highest while T 2, 3 and 4 gave the lowest (25 ) germination rate. Lastly, viability percentage was highest (100) in T 1 and T5 and lowest (80) in T0. In conclusion, seed dormancy is mainly attributed to seed coat as commonly found in most forage legumes and can be broken by treatment with hot water to break the dormancy but not for too long to the extent of adversely affecting the viability of the seed. From this study, pre- treatment of seeds with hot water for 12 mins. and 60 mins are recommended for high germination rate. Keywords: Cassia, germinabilty, h-wateotr, pre-treatments.Effet de L'eau Chaude Sur Le Taux de Germination Sur La Graine de Cassia siamea L.Une expérience a été réalisée pour déterminer les effets du traitement de l'eau chaude sur le taux de germination, la germination et la pourriture sur les graines de Cassia siamea L. Les graines ont été évaluées pour le taux de germination après un prétraitement avec l'eau chaude à (1000oC) pour les durées suivantes; Pas de traitement thermique (contrôle), 12 min, 24 min,, 36 min., 48 min. et 60 min. désignés comme T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 et T5 respectivement. Le pourcentage le plus élevé de germinabilité (100) était en T1 et le plus bas (17) en T0, pourcentage de pourriture était le plus élevé et le plus bas en T0 (25) etT5 (0), respectivement .T1 et T5 donnaient le plus haut alors que T 2, 3 et 4 donnaient le taux de germination le plus bas (25). Enfin, le pourcentage de viabilité était le plus élevé (100) en T 1 et T5 et le plus bas (80) en T0. En conclusion, la dormance des graines est principalement attribuée à la couche de graines, comme on le trouve couramment dans la plupart des légumineuses fourragères et peut être brisée par traitement avec de l'eau chaude pour casser la dormance mais pas trop longtemps dans la mesure où elle affecte négativement la viabilité de la graine. À partir de cette étude, prétraitement des graines avec de l'eau chaude pendant 12 minutes à 60 minutes est recommandé pour un taux de germination élevé. Mots-clés: Cassia, germinabilty, l'eau chaude, prétraitement