THE BASIC DIRECTIONS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN THE AGRICULTURE

In this article technical advance and economic indicators of agricultural enterprise are coordinated together. It is justified, that lowering equipment branch crop production and cattle breeding will result in loss productiveness and rise expense. The necessity of cost cutout determines an application of more high-performance machine and state-of-the-art technology on output of products agricultural industry. The practicability of active state support of the farmers is underlined

Sputtering effects on mirrors made of different tungsten grades

Because tungsten (W) is used in present fusion devices and it is a reference material for ITER divertor and possible plasma-facing material for DEMO, we strive to understand the response of different W grades to ion bombardment. In this study, we investigated the behavior of mirrors made of four polycrystalline W grades under long-term ion sputtering. Argon (Ar) and deuterium (D) ions extracted from a plasma were used to investigate the effect of projectile mass on surface modification. Depending on the ion fluence, the reflectance measured at normal incidence was very different for different W grades. The lowest degradation rate of the reflectance was measured for the mirror made of recrystallized W. The highest degradation rate was found for one of the ITER-grade W samples. Pre-irradiation of a mirror with 20-MeV W6+ ions, as simulation of neutron irradiation in ITER, had no noticeable influence on reflectance degradation under sputtering with either Ar or D ions