Literature survey on trust and social distance: evidence from the lab-in-the-field trust game experiments.

信頼は重要な社会資本であり，社会の発展に欠かせない。本稿では，主として開発途上国で一般人を対象に実施された信頼ゲーム実験の結果を紹介し，信頼が社会的距離にどのような影響を受けるかを整理した。信頼する者と信頼される者の間の社会的距離が遠くなればなるほど，信頼する者は信頼しないという結果が大勢を占めた。以上の結果からは，社会の発展には人々の間の社会的距離を縮めるか，社会的距離の遠い者を信頼できる条件を制度的に整える必要があることが示唆された。Trust is an important social capital and is indispensable for the development of a society. In this paper, we introduce the results of trust game experiments employed the general public and conducted mainly in developing countries. and investigate how social distance affects trust. The greater the social distance between a trustor and a trustee, the smaller the trustor\u27s trust. The above results suggest that it is necessary for the development of a society to reduce the social distance between people or to increase trust between people with a large social distance.2018年度関西大学研究拠点形成支援経費研究課題「エージェントシミュレーションを用いた社会的包摂政策の研究

The successful strategy for mutual cooperation in the experimental multi-game contact

Playing multiple games simultaneously is popular, but we hardly know how people act in this situation to reach mutual cooperation in the long run. To answer the question, we conduct a series of experiments on multi-game contact. The results indicate that the number of information sets in the stage game and the payoff structure are important. We find that for making mutual cooperation subjects employ two types of TFT strategies, which simplify the complicated contact. In these strategies, they avoid separating behavior such as cooparating in one game but deviating in the other. This makes it easy for the opponents to understand thier cooperative intention

Protein Transduction Method for Cerebrovascular Disorders

Many studies have shown that a motif of 11 consecutive arginines (11R) is one of the most effective protein transduction domains (PTD) for introducing proteins into the cell membrane. By conjugating this &#34;11R&#34;, all sorts of proteins can effectively and harmlessly be transferred into any kind of cell. We therefore examined the transduction efficiency of 11R in cerebral arteries and obtained results showing that 11R fused enhanced green fluorescent protein (11R-EGFP) immediately and effectively penetrated all layers of the rat basilar artery (BA), especially the tunica media. This method provides a revolutionary approach to cerebral arteries and ours is the first study to demonstrate the successful transductionof a PTD fused protein into the cerebral arteries. In this review, we present an outline of our studies and other key studies related to cerebral vasospasm and 11R, problems to be overcome, and predictions regarding future use of the 11R protein transduction method for cerebral vasospasm (CV).</p

New 60-cm Radio Survey Telescope with the Sideband-Separating SIS Receiver for the 200 GHz Band

We have upgraded the 60-cm radio survey telescope located in Nobeyama, Japan. We developed a new waveguide-type sideband-separating SIS mixer for the telescope, which enables the simultaneous detection of distinct molecular emission lines both in the upper and lower sidebands. Over the RF frequency range of 205-240 GHz, the single-sideband receiver noise temperatures of the new mixer are 40-100 K for the 4.0-8.0 GHz IF frequency band. The image rejection ratios are greater than 10 dB over the same range. For the dual IF signals obtained by the receiver, we have developed two sets of acousto-optical spectrometers and a telescope control system. Using the new telescope system, we successfully detected the 12CO (J=2-1) and 13CO (J=2-1) emission lines simultaneously toward Orion KL in 2005 March. Using the waveguide-type sideband-separating SIS mixer for the 200 GHz band, we have initiated the first simultaneous 12CO (J=2-1) and 13CO (J=2-1) survey of the galactic plane as well as large-scale mapping observations of nearby molecular clouds.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in PASJ, version with high resolution figures is available via http://www.nro.nao.ac.jp/~nakajima/vst1_2sb.pd

経済実験を通じた制度分析 : 到達点と展望

実験経済学では様々な角度から制度を分析する研究が進められている。しかし,それらの研究が制度経済学の視点から整理されたことはほとんどなかった。本稿は制度を研究対象にした経済実験を紹介し,制度経済学-特に新制度派経済学-の立場から実験の到達点と将来的展望を示した。現在の所,ゲームの均衡としての制度を分析した経済実験が主流で,一般的認知均衡としての制度を分析した経済実験は少ないことが分かった。This paper surveys various economic experiments on institutions. Although there are many economic experiments which focus on institutions, no one has organized these studies from the viewpoint of institutional economics. This paper demonstration finds that the current mainstream of institutional experiments targets the institution as the equilibrium, and that few experiments in economics investigate the institution as the general cognitive equilibrium

JTP-109192, a novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist, prevents atherosclerosis by improving hypercholesterolemia in congenic spontaneously hyperlipidaemic mice

G protein‐coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) expression in pancreatic β‐cells and intestinal L‐cells is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Previously, we have reported that the GPR119 agonist JTP‐109192 improves glucose metabolism with single and repeated administration. Conversely, overexpression of the Gpr119 gene reportedly regulates cholesterol transporter expression in animal models, and a natural GPR119 agonist, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), improves atherosclerosis. Therefore, improving dyslipidaemia is considered a possible feature of GPR119 agonists. In the present study, the lipid‐lowering effect of JTP‐109192 was examined in BALB/c background spontaneously hyperlipidaemic (SHL) mice with repeated administration, once daily for 12 weeks. On repeated administration, JTP‐109192 revealed a cholesterol‐lowering effect and improved atherosclerosis following histopathological examination. With further investigation, the cholesterol‐lowering effect and subsequent antiatherosclerotic effect of JTP‐109192 was attributed to changes in intestinal cholesterol metabolism gene expression. Based on these results, JTP‐109192 represents a new potential antihypercholesterolaemic agent for the treatment of dyslipidaemia

The AMANOGAWA-2SB Galactic Plane Survey I: Data on the Galactic Equator

Using a waveguide-type sideband-separating receiver (2SB receiver) on the Tokyo-NRO 60-cm telescope (renamed the AMANOGAWA telescope), we carried out simultaneous observations in the 12CO(J = 2-1) and 13CO(J = 2-1) lines over the Galactic plane l = 10-245 deg along b = 0 deg with a 3.75 arcmin grid. Using the 12CO(J = 1-0) data of Dame et al. (2001), who used a beam size almost the same as ours, we show 12CO(J = 2-1)/12CO(J = 1-0) and 13CO(J = 2-1)/12CO(J = 2-1) intensity ratios on the l-v map and the intensity correlations among the three lines. As a result, a linear correlation between 12CO(J = 1-0) and 12CO(J = 2-1) and a curve correlation between 12CO(J = 2-1) and 13CO(J = 2-1), as produced by most of the data, are found. We investigate these correlations with simple radiative transfer equations to ascertain a number of restrictions on the physical quantities of molecular gas on a galactic scale.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in PAS