485 research outputs found
Entanglement-enhanced magnetic induction tomography
Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a sensing protocol, exploring
conductive objects via their response to radio-frequency magnetic fields. MIT
is used in nondestructive testing ranging from geophysics to medical
applications. Atomic magnetometers, employed as MIT sensors, allow for
significant improvement of the MIT sensitivity and for exploring its quantum
limits. Here we report entanglement-enhanced MIT with an atomic magnetometer
used as the sensing element. We generate an entangled and spin squeezed state
of atoms of the sensor by stroboscopic quantum non-demolition measurement. We
then utilize this spin state to demonstrate the improvement of one-dimensional
MIT sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit
Transitioning Virtual-Only Group Therapy for Substance Use Disorder Patients to a Hybrid Model
Tyler S Oesterle,1,* Nicholas L Bormann,1,* Domenic A Ochal,2 Stephan Arndt,3,4 Scott A Breitinger1 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 4Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nicholas L Bormann, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, Tel +1 507 284 2088, Fax +1 507 284 4158, Email [email protected]: Telehealth is associated with a myriad of benefits; however, little is known regarding substance use disorder (SUD) treatment outcomes when participants join group therapy sessions in a combination in-person and virtual setting (hybrid model). We sought to determine if treatment completion rates differed.Patients and Methods: Policy changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created a naturalistic, observational cohort study at seven intensive outpatient (IOP) programs in rural Minnesota. Virtual-only delivery occurred 6/1/2020-6/30/2021, while hybrid groups occurred 7/1/2021-7/31/2022. Data was evaluated retrospectively for participants who initiated and discharged treatment during the study period. Participants were IOP group members 18 years and older who had a SUD diagnosis that both entered and discharged treatment during the 26-month period. A consecutive sample of 1502 participants (181– 255 per site) was available, with 644 removed: 576 discharged after the study conclusion, 49 were missing either enrollment or discharge data, 14 transferred sites during treatment, and 5 initiated treatment before the study initiation. Helmert contrasts evaluated the impact of hybrid group exposure.Results: A total of 858 individuals were included. Data was not from the medical chart and was deidentified preventing specific demographics; however, the overall IOP sample for 2020– 2022, from which the sample was derived, was 29.8% female, and 64.1% were 18– 40 years of age. For completed treatment, hybrid group exposure relative to virtual-only had a univariate odds ratio of 1.88 (95% CI: 1.50– 2.41, p < 0.001). No significant difference was seen across IOP sites.Conclusion: These results describe a novel hybrid group approach to virtual care for SUDs with outcome data not previously documented in the literature. While virtual treatment delivery can increase access, these results suggest a benefit is derived from including an in-person option. Further research is needed to identify how an in-person component may change dynamics and if it can be replicated in virtual-only models.Keywords: substance-related disorders, telemedicine, group psychotherapy, comparative study, outcome assessment, health car
Coherent control of polariton parametric scattering in semiconductor microcavities
In a pump-probe experiment, we have been able to control, with phase-locked probe pulses, the ultrafast nonlinear optical emission of a semiconductor microcavity, arising from polariton parametric amplification. This evidences the coherence of the polariton population near k = 0, even for delays much longer than the pulse width. The control of a large population at k = 0 is possible although the probe pulses are much weaker than the large polarization they control. With rising pump power the dynamics of the scattering get faster. Just above threshold the parametric scattering process shows unexpected long coherence times, whereas when pump power is risen the contrast decays due to a significant pump reservoir depletion. The weak pulses at normal incidence control the whole angular emission pattern of the microcavity
Most discriminative stimuli for functional cell type clustering
Identifying cell types and understanding their functional properties is
crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying perception and cognition. In
the retina, functional types can be identified by carefully selected stimuli,
but this requires expert domain knowledge and biases the procedure towards
previously known cell types. In the visual cortex, it is still unknown what
functional types exist and how to identify them. Thus, for unbiased
identification of the functional cell types in retina and visual cortex, new
approaches are needed. Here we propose an optimization-based clustering
approach using deep predictive models to obtain functional clusters of neurons
using Most Discriminative Stimuli (MDS). Our approach alternates between
stimulus optimization with cluster reassignment akin to an
expectation-maximization algorithm. The algorithm recovers functional clusters
in mouse retina, marmoset retina and macaque visual area V4. This demonstrates
that our approach can successfully find discriminative stimuli across species,
stages of the visual system and recording techniques. The resulting most
discriminative stimuli can be used to assign functional cell types fast and on
the fly, without the need to train complex predictive models or show a large
natural scene dataset, paving the way for experiments that were previously
limited by experimental time. Crucially, MDS are interpretable: they visualize
the distinctive stimulus patterns that most unambiguously identify a specific
type of neuron
Missing upper incisors: a retrospective study of orthodontic space closure versus implant
Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the esthetic, periodontal, and functional outcomes of orthodontic space closure versus implant substitution in patients with missing maxillary incisors 5 years after completion of treatment. Methods: The study group consisted of ten patients treated with orthodontic space closure (six males, four females, mean age 19 ± 2.1 years at the completion of treatment) and ten patients treated with implant insertion (five males, five females, mean age 20 ± 1.4 years at the time of implant insertion). Tooth mobility, plaque index, probing depth, infraocclusion, open gingival embrasure (black triangle), and temporomandibular joint function were recorded at the 5.6 years follow-up. Self-perceived dental esthetic appearance was also evaluated through a visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire. T-test was used to evaluate the data. Results: All patients were equally satisfied with the appearance of their teeth 5.6 ± 0.4 years after the completion of treatment. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to the VAS scores of the subjects (P < 0.857). No significant differences were found in tooth mobility, plaque index (P < 0.632), and the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. However, significant infraocclusion was noticed in all implant patients (P < 0.001). Probing depth was also significantly higher in implant patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Orthodontic space closure and implant of missing maxillary incisors produced similar, well-accepted esthetic results. None of the treatments impaired temporomandibular joint function. Nevertheless, infraocclusion was evident in implant patients. Space closure patients also showed better periodontal health in comparison with implant patients
Hes5 Expression in the Postnatal and Adult Mouse Inner Ear and the Drug-Damaged Cochlea
The Notch signaling pathway is known to have multiple roles during development of the inner ear. Notch signaling activates transcription of Hes5, a homologue of Drosophila hairy and enhancer of split, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor. Previous studies have shown that Hes5 is expressed in the cochlea during embryonic development, and loss of Hes5 leads to overproduction of auditory and vestibular hair cells. However, due to technical limitations and inconsistency between previous reports, the precise spatial and temporal pattern of Hes5 expression in the postnatal and adult inner ear has remained unclear. In this study, we use Hes5-GFP transgenic mice and in situ hybridization to report the expression pattern of Hes5 in the inner ear. We find that Hes5 is expressed in the developing auditory epithelium of the cochlea beginning at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), becomes restricted to a particular subset of cochlear supporting cells, is downregulated in the postnatal cochlea, and is not present in adults. In the vestibular system, we detect Hes5 in developing supporting cells as early as E12.5 and find that Hes5 expression is maintained in some adult vestibular supporting cells. In order to determine the effect of hair cell damage on Notch signaling in the cochlea, we damaged cochlear hair cells of adult Hes5-GFP mice in vivo using injection of kanamycin and furosemide. Although outer hair cells were killed in treated animals and supporting cells were still present after damage, supporting cells did not upregulate Hes5-GFP in the damaged cochlea. Therefore, absence of Notch-Hes5 signaling in the normal and damaged adult cochlea is correlated with lack of regeneration potential, while its presence in the neonatal cochlea and adult vestibular epithelia is associated with greater capacity for plasticity or regeneration in these tissues; which suggests that this pathway may be involved in regulating regenerative potential
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