Effects of Trace Metals and Medium Composition on the Growth of Aspergillus Niger Atcc 11414, in a Submerged Culture

In an attempt to optimize citric acid fermentation, a study has been conducted to determine optimum nutritional conditions for the growth of Aspergillus Niger ATCC 11414. The objective of the study was to obtain information on the growth of this strain in a submerged culture for the study of citric acid production The following article summarizes the results of study on the effects of trace metals and composition of chemically defined medium on mycelial growth of A.Niger ATCC 11414. Chemically defined media containing glucose as the carbon source and energy were used throughout the work. Growth experiments were carried. Out by a submerged culture process, in a 300-ml Erlenmeyer flask which contained 50ml liquid medium. The process was conducted at 30°C for 4 days in an orbital shaker incubator operated at 200 rpm. The cultivation process was followed by monitoring the changes in the culture medium of the concentrations of biomass, total reducing sugars, citric acid, and pH of the medium. It was concluded that copper (II), iron (II), zinc (II), and manganese (II) ions had a remarkable effect on the growth of A. Niger ATCC 11414. With 5% glucose, the study showed that 5 - 15 ppm copper, 0.5 - 25 ppm iron and 0.5 - 25 ppb manganese ions were optimal for the growth of the strain. The growth of the strain increased with the increase of Zn2+ added (0.5 - 25 ppm). The most optimal medium for the growth of A.Niger ATCC 11414 was found to be able to produce more than 16 g of dry weight of biomass for 50 g glucose

Peranan Calon Suksesor dalam Pengelolaan Usaha Madu (Studi Kasus pada Ud. Madu Am)

Suksesi kepemimpinan yang terjadi pada Perusahaan keluarga dapat membawa Perusahaan kearah yang lebih baik. Oleh karena itu, UD. Maduam telah mempersiapkan calon suksesor sebagai penerus kepemimpinan. Sejak calon suksesor bergabung di Perusahaan telah dilakukan Perubahan terhadap pengelolaan usaha di UD. Maduam dengan tujuan untuk memajukan dan meningkatkan kinerja Perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan calon suksesor dalam pengelolaan usaha madu pada UD. Maduam dan proses suksesi yang terjadi pada UD. Maduam.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari data primer, yaitu diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan informan penelitian. Prosedur pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan cara deskriptif, sedangkan uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan calon sukseseor berperan dalam pengelolaan usaha pada Perusahaan keluarga UD. Maduam setelah menjalankan proses suksesi. Pada aspek sumber daya manusia terdapat Perubahan pada proses rekrutmen dan seleksi serta pelatihan kerja. Pada aspek pemasaran terjadi Perubahan aktivitas pemasaran dan perencanaan produk. Sedangkan aspek keuangan terjadi Perubahan terkait dengan keputusan investasi. UD. Maduam telah melaksanakan hampir keseluruhan tahapan proses suksesi yang terdiri dari menentukan nilai dasar, pengembangan calon suksesor, seleksi.

Redesain Kemasan Oleh-oleh Khas Kabupaten Sumbawa

Kabupaten Sumbawa terletak di pulau Sumbawa, provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Kunjungan wisata keKabupaten Sumbawa mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Salah satu pendukung kegiatan pariwisata adalaholeh-oleh. Oleh-oleh dapat berupa jajanan tradisional. Salah satu produsen jajanan tradisional adalah Usaha Kecildan Menengah (UKM). Namun Karena keterbatasan informasi mengenai kemasan, para UKM mengalamimasalah tidak bisa masuk ke supermarket-supermarket besar serta kurang bisa mengenalkan produk jajananSumbawa sebagai oleh-oleh. Dengan redesain kemasan oleh-oleh jajanan khas Sumbawa, diharapkan wisatawanyang berkunjung ke Sumbawa bisa mengenal beragam produk jajanan Sumbawa dan menarik minat merekauntuk membelinya sebagai oleh-oleh

A case report of an interrupted inferior vena cava and azygos continuation:Implications for preoperative screening in minimally invasive cardiac surgery

Background: Femoral cannulation is commonly used in minimally invasive cardiac surgery to establish extracorporeal circulation. We present a case with a finding that should be evaluated when screening candidates for minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Case summary: A 57-year-old male patient was scheduled for minimally invasive repair of the mitral and tricuspid valve and a MAZE procedure. During surgery there was difficulty advancing the venous cannula inserted in the right femoral vein. On transoesophageal echocardiography a guidewire advanced from the femoral vein was observed entering the right atrium from the superior vena cava. Despite inserting a second venous cannula in the jugular vein, venous drainage was insufficient for minimal invasive surgery. The approach was converted to a median sternotomy with bicaval cannulation. Re-examination of the preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan showed an interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos continuation. Discussion: In patients with major venous malformations such as the interrupted IVC with azygos continuation a full sternotomy is the preferred approach. The venous system should be evaluated when screening candidates for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery with preoperative CT. Additional cues to suspect interruption of the IVC are polysplenia and a broad superior mediastinal projection on the chest radiograph, mimicking a right paratracheal mass.</p

Fermentasi Asam Sitrat Dari Tetes Tebu, Secara Biak-rendam Dengan Aspergillus Niger

A study to determine the optimum condition of !ubmerged. citric acid fermentatlon of calle molasses with Aspergillus Niger has been conducted. Effects of the strains of Aspergillus Niger, initial concentration of total reducing sugars and initial pH of the medium 011 citric accumulation were investigated. One-stage submerged culture fermentation process was curried out in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask which contained 50 ml liquid medium at 30°C, in an orbital shaker incubator operated at 200 rpm. While a two-stage sub-merged [ermen tation process was performed at30Ve in a stirred fermentor containing 2.5 liters of liquid medium at a constant pH, with 1 Will aera, tion and agitation at a speed of 700 rpm. The [ermeutation process was followed by monitoring the changes ill pH values, concentrations of total reducing sugars, dry weight of cellular biomass, and citric acid concentration in the culture medium, during 7 days of [ermentation time. It was obtained that strain of the 1II0uld, concentration of total reducing sugars as well as pH of the medium affected the submerged citric acid fermentation process with Aspergillus Niger. Aspergillus Niger ATCC 11414 was found to be the best strain aI/lOng the eight strains tested. High initial concentrations of total reducing sugars (15 - 20%) and low initial pH of the medium (less than 3.0) were the optimum conditions for citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus Niger ATCC 11414

On Form Factors in nested Bethe Ansatz systems

We investigate form factors of local operators in the multi-component Quantum Non-linear Schr\"odinger model, a prototype theory solvable by the so-called nested Bethe Ansatz. We determine the analytic properties of the infinite volume form factors using the coordinate Bethe Ansatz solution and we establish a connection with the finite volume matrix elements. In the two-component models we derive a set of recursion relations for the "magnonic form factors", which are the matrix elements on the nested Bethe Ansatz states. In certain simple cases (involving states with only one spin-impurity) we obtain explicit solutions for the recursion relations.Comment: 34 pages, v2 (minor modifications