Sales Made to Out-of-State Purchasers Picked up at a Pennsylvania Facility Are Not Pennsylvania Sales for Purposes of the Pennsylvania Corporate Net Income Tax: \u3cem\u3eCommonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Gilmour Manufacturing Company\u3c/em\u3e

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania held that sales of tangible personal property made to out-of-state purchasers who choose to pick up the property at a Pennsylvania seller\u27s loading dock are not includable in the numerator of the seller\u27s sales factor for the purpose of calculating the apportionment ratio used in determining the seller\u27s Pennsylvania corporate net income tax liability. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Gilmour Manufacturing Company, 822 A.2d 676 (Pa. 2003

Using machine learning methods in airline flight data monitoring to generate new operational safety knowledge from existing data

The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of using machine learning (ML) methods in order to generate novel, safety-relevant knowledge from existing flight data. Airlines routinely generate vast amounts of flight data from routine monitoring, but the concept of extracting safety knowledge from this data is still based on detecting exceedances of expert-defined thresholds. This system is conceptually unable to detect novel occurrences for which no such filters exist. ML techniques are able to close this gap. This paper first reviews the literature to select an appropriate ML method. A form of unsupervised learning called “Local Outlier Probability” is selected. Next, an appropriate feature space is developed and implemented in the flight data monitoring system of a supporting airline to generate the dataset. This dataset is cleaned and the outlier calculation performed. The results are statistically analysed. Furthermore, the top outliers are reviewed by the airline’s review pilots in the same way as the traditional exceedance events. Last, the severities and safety relevance of both types of events are compared. This work successfully shows that the chosen approach is able to reduce the number of undetected safety-relevant occurrences by finding novel occurrence types which were undetected by a contemporary and mature flight data monitoring system. This research builds on recent literature by developing a novel method which can be scaled to work in an airline production environment with large datasets, as demonstrated by the efficient analysis of 1.2 million flights

Chronicle reports of classes law in the Spanish Constitutional Court 2021

Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

La dignidad de la persona evolución histórico filosófica, concepto, recepción constitucional y relación con los valores y derechos fundamentales

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Constitucional, leída el 22/01/2010.Depto. de Derecho ConstitucionalFac. de DerechoTRUEProQuestpu

Los derechos del detenido en caso de apresamiento de buque pirata en alta mar

Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

Extralimitation of constitutional requirements in the regulation of fundamental rights. The example of the exception and anti-covid regulation

Este trabajo trata sobre la progresiva reducción de respeto al cumplimiento de los requisitos consti­tucionales en orden a la regulación de los derechos fundamentales de los últimos años. Esta tendencia se percibe, desde antiguo, en la regulación de la materia de derechos fundamentales por leyes de rango inferior a ley orgánica. Este problema también se aprecia en la normativa de urgencia, como se ve, por ejemplo, en el Real Decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo, y en el Real Decreto 926/2020, de 25 de octubre, donde el Gobierno se ha arrogado, no solo durante el período más duro de la pandemia, funciones muy amplias de regulación de derechos fundamentales. Todo lo cual apunta a que se ha producido un debilitamiento paralelo del principio de sujeción inmediata de los poderes públicos a los derechos fundamentales –respectivamente, arts. 9.1 y 53.1 de la CE–, y hasta una cierta relativización o ba­nalización y reducción de importancia de los derechos fundamentales en el Estado, con efectos imprevisibles e inquietantes.Lan honen gaia da pixkanaka-pixkanaka gutxitzen ari dela Konstituzioko baldintzak betetzearekiko erres-petua, oinarrizko eskubideak arautzeari dagokionez, azken urteetan gertatu den bezala. Joera hori aspalditik ikusten da lege organikoa baino beheragoko maila-ko legeek oinarrizko eskubideen arloan egiten duten arauketan. Arazo hori presako arauetan ere ikusten da; horren adibide dira, besteak beste, martxoaren 14ko 463/2020 Errege Dekretua eta urriaren 25eko 926/2020 Errege Dekretua, non Gobernuak oinarrizko eskubi-deen arauketaren funtzio oso zabalak hartu baititu bere gain, eta ez bakarrik pandemiaren garairik gogo-rrenean. Horretatik guztitik ondoriozta daiteke aldi berean ahuldu egin dela botere publikoak oinarrizko eskubideei lotzearen printzipioa –Espainiako Konstitu-zioaren 9.1 eta 53.1 artikuluak–, eta, nolabait, erlatibi-zatu edo banalizatu eta murriztu egin dela oinarrizko eskubideek Estatuan duten garrantzia. Horrek ondorio kezkagarriak ditu, aurreikusi ezinekoakThis essay revolves around the progressive reduction of respect for the fulfilment of constitutional require-ments in the regulation of fundamental rights in recent years. This tendency has been perceived, since long ago, in the regulation of fundamental rights by laws of lower rank than organic law. This problem can be seen in emergency regulations, as it turns out, for example, in the Royal Decree 463/2020, of 14th March, and the Royal Decree 926/2020, of 25th October, where the government has arrogated to itself, not only during the hardest period of the pandemic, very broad func-tions of regulation of fundamental rights. All of which suggests that there has been a parallel weakening of the principle of immediate subjection of public authorities to fundamental rights –respectively, arts. 9.1 and 53.1 of the Spanish Constitution–, and even a certain relativi-zation or trivialization and reduction of the importance of fundamental rights in the State, with unforeseeable and unsettling effects.Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

Jurisprudential Chronicle of the Spanish Constitutional Court in 2014

Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu