Temperature Stabilisation in Fischer-Tropsch Reactors Using Phase Change Material (PCM)

This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction is a highly exothermic reaction. The high exothermicity combined with a high sensitivity of product selectivity to temperature, constitute the main challenges in the design of FT reactors. The use of micro-encapsulated- Phase Change Material (PCM) in conjunction with the supervisory temperature control mechanism has been suggested as an effective way of mitigating these challenges. A 2-dimensional, pseudo-homogeneous, steady-state model, with the dissipation of the enthalpy of reaction into an isothermal PCM sink, in a fixed bed reactor is presented. Effective temperature control with the PCM shows a shift in thermodynamic equilibrium favouring the selectivity of C5 to the disadvantage of CH4 selectivity - a much desired outcome in the hydrocarbon Gas-to-Liquid industry

Femoral bifurcation with ipsilateral tibia hemimelia: Early outcome of ablation and prosthetic fitting

Femoral bifurcation and tibia hemimelia are rare anomalies. Hereby, we present a case report of a 2-year-old boy who first presented in our orthopedic clinic as a 12-day-old neonate, with a grossly deformed right lower limb from a combination of complete tibia hemimelia and ipsilateral femoral bifurcation. Excision of femoral exostosis, knee disarticulation and prosthetic fitting gives satisfactory early outcome

Consumer Perception and Preference for Meat Types in Ogbomoso area of Oyo State, Nigeria.

Two hundred and six (206) respondents in Ogbomoso (a university community) in Oyo state Nigeria were randomly selected through structured questionnaires to examine their perception and preference of meat and meat products. Data collected were analyzed through the use of descriptive statistical tools. The results showed that marketing activities should be centered on female who are mostly married (83.0%) within the age group 31-40 since women are the one to purchase the meat at home, although men (56.8%) responded to the questionnaire than their female (43.2%) counterpart. It was clearly shown that respondents eat beef meat the most but enjoyed chicken the most, while availability and taste were major factors that influenced decision on the meat types of preference. Consumers preferred a designated meat shop as against the conventional abattoir and general market to purchase meat. Greater number of respondents however showed their preference in eating meat at home than outside. Beef, was the most affordable (54.9%), preferred at ceremony (69.4%) and the most convenient (55.3%). Chicken (32.3%) and Turkey (36.3%) are most preferred for picnic. Chevon (35.4%) was the most nutritious while chicken (27.7%) and beef (23.3%) were the most preferred as fast to cook meat. The study clearly revealed the importance of meat to the respondents in Ogbomoso.Keywords: meat, preference, consumer, protein, qualit

MAGE-C2/CT10 Protein Expression Is an Independent Predictor of Recurrence in Prostate Cancer

The cancer-testis (CT) family of antigens is expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms. In most cases, no CT antigen is found in normal tissues, except in testis, making them ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. A comprehensive analysis of CT antigen expression has not yet been reported in prostate cancer. MAGE-C2/CT-10 is a novel CT antigen. The objective of this study was to analyze extent and prognostic significance of MAGE-C2/CT10 protein expression in prostate cancer. 348 prostate carcinomas from consecutive radical prostatectomies, 29 castration-refractory prostate cancer, 46 metastases, and 45 benign hyperplasias were immunohistochemically analyzed for MAGE-C2/CT10 expression using tissue microarrays. Nuclear MAGE-C2/CT10 expression was identified in only 3.3% primary prostate carcinomas. MAGE-C2/CT10 protein expression was significantly more frequent in metastatic (16.3% positivity) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (17% positivity; p<0.001). Nuclear MAGE-C2/CT10 expression was identified as predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (p = 0.015), which was independent of preoperative PSA, Gleason score, tumor stage, and surgical margin status in multivariate analysis (p<0.05). MAGE-C2/CT10 expression in prostate cancer correlates with the degree of malignancy and indicates a higher risk for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Further, the results suggest MAGE-C2/CT10 as a potential target for adjuvant and palliative immunotherapy in patients with prostate cancer

Assessment of Antibiotic Usage in Some Selected Livestock Farms in Oyo State, Southwest, Nigeria.

A survey to assess the use of antibiotics was conducted in 120 livestock farms across the 4 agricultural zones of Oyo state, Nigeria. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires on respondents characteristics; educational status, usage, adherence to prescription and withdrawal periods and were analyzed through descriptive statistical tools. The results showed that 70.8% were male, with the highest age group in 31-40yrs. About 70.88% showed they have attended higher Institution with more of the farmers involved in poultry production. Only one respondent claim not to use antibiotics in his farm in the entire state and was excluded in other questions. Preventive use of antibiotics was 39.5% with oral route of administration as 40.3% as claimed by the farmers. About 97.5% and 93.1% claimed to read and administered the various antibiotics based on the instruction label respectively, while only 71.3% strictly adhere to it but the remaining 28.7% did not strictly adhere to it. Moreover, 85.4% of the farmers got to know about the expiry date through the manual label. Almost all the farmers (91.6%) were aware of the withdrawal periods but only 54.10% were always conscious of it. Only few (16.8%) of the farmers called the professionals to administer the drugs while majority of them (63.9%) administered it by themselves and others used their attendants or fellow farmers. However, the farmers in this state (92.5%) found the antibiotics used as either effective or highly effective. The abuse of these drugs cannot be ruled out therefore given the room for drug residue in meat from the state.Keywords: Antibiotics, preventive, therapeutic, growth promoters, route of administration, withdrawal periods

Outcome of non-operative management of femoral shaft fractures in children

Background: Femoral shaft fractures are common injuries in childhood. There is paucity of information on their presentation and outcome of the available treatment methods in the African population. Thisstudy evaluated the outcome of non-operative methods of treatment of femoral shaft fractures in our centre.Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of the database of children aged 14 years and below with femoral shaft fractures treated nonoperatively over a 10-year period.Results: A total of 134 patients with 138 fractures met the study criteria.This consisted of 71 boys (mean age = 6.1 years ± SD) and 63 girls (mean age = 6.5 years ± SD). Pedestrian vehicular accident was the most common cause of femoral shaft fractures in the study population. Themidshaft was the most common site of fractures. There were associated injuries to other parts of the body (especially head injury) in 34.3% of the patients. The commonest mode of treatment was skin traction only (87.7%). The mean time to fracture union was 4.9 weeks ± SD (range = 3–15 weeks). The mean length of hospitalisation was 6.7 weeks ± SD (range = 5 days–11 weeks). There was a fairly strong positive correlation between the length of hospitalisation and the presence of associated injuries, especially head injury, upper limb fractures and bilaterality ofthe fractures. The mean total cost of treatment was #7685 (Naira) or $51.2 (range =$14.2–$190). At the last follow up, 97.8% of the fractures united without significant angulation or shortening.Conclusion: The outcome of non-operative treatment of femoral shaftfractures in our setting is comparable to the results of other workers. Methods of treatment that shorten the length of hospitalisation without unduly increasing cost should be encouraged

Expression of MAGE-C1/CT7 and selected cancer/testis antigens in ovarian borderline tumours and primary and recurrent ovarian carcinomas

MAGE-C1/CT7, NY-ESO-1, GAGE and MAGE-A4 are members of the cancer/testis (CT) antigen family, which have been proposed as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. To determine the prevalence and biologic relevance of the novel CT antigen MAGE-C1/CT7 and other antigens, 36 ovarian borderline tumours (BTs), 230 primary ovarian carcinomas (OCs) and 80 recurrent OCs were immunohistochemically analysed using the monoclonal antibodies CT7-33 (MAGE-C1/CT7), E978 (NY-ESO-1), clone 26 (GAGE) and 57B (MAGE-A4). Positivity of at least one CT antigen was present in 39.5 % (81/205) of primary OC and in 50 % (26/52) of all recurrences. Expression of the novel CT antigen MAGE-C1/CT7 was most commonly seen with positivity in 24.5 % of primary and 35.1 % of recurrent OC. MAGE-A4, GAGE and NY-ESO-1 expressions were seen in 22.7, 13.9 and 7.1 % of primary and 22.6, 17.5 and 8.9 % of recurrent OC, respectively. Analysis of histological subtypes (serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous and transitional) exhibited variable expression with negativity in all mucinous OC. High-grade serous OC revealed CT antigen expression in 5.6 to 28 % with MAGE-C1/CT7 being the most frequent, but without correlation with stage or overall survival. MAGE-C1/CT7 expression and coexpression of CT antigens were significantly correlated with grade of endometrioid OC. None of the BT showed CT antigen expression. No significant correlation was seen with stage, overall survival or response to chemotherapy. In summary, CT antigens are expressed in a certain subset of OC with no expression in BT or OC of mucinous histology. These findings may have implications for the design of polyvalent vaccination strategies for ovarian carcinomas