Interior and edge magnetization in thin exfoliated CrGeTe3 films

CrGeTe3 (CGT) is a semiconducting vdW ferromagnet shown to possess magnetism down to a two-layer thick sample. Although CGT is one of the leading candidates for spintronics devices, a comprehensive analysis of CGT thickness dependent magnetization is currently lacking. In this work, we employ scanning SQUID-on-tip (SOT) microscopy to resolve the magnetic properties of exfoliated CGT flakes at 4.2 K. Combining transport measurements of CGT/NbSe2 samples with SOT images, we present the magnetic texture and hysteretic magnetism of CGT, thereby matching the global behavior of CGT to the domain structure extracted from local SOT magnetic imaging. Using this method, we provide a thickness dependent magnetization state diagram of bare CGT films. No zero-field magnetic memory was found for films thicker than 10 nm and hard ferromagnetism was found below that critical thickness. Using scanning SOT microscopy, we identify a unique edge magnetism, contrasting the results attained in the CGT interior.Comment: Main text: 15 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary information: 9 pages, 10 figures. Supplementary videos:

CrypTFlow2: Practical 2-Party Secure Inference

We present CrypTFlow2, a cryptographic framework for secure inference over realistic Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) using secure 2-party computation. CrypTFlow2 protocols are both correct -- i.e., their outputs are bitwise equivalent to the cleartext execution -- and efficient -- they outperform the state-of-the-art protocols in both latency and scale. At the core of CrypTFlow2, we have new 2PC protocols for secure comparison and division, designed carefully to balance round and communication complexity for secure inference tasks. Using CrypTFlow2, we present the first secure inference over ImageNet-scale DNNs like ResNet50 and DenseNet121. These DNNs are at least an order of magnitude larger than those considered in the prior work of 2-party DNN inference. Even on the benchmarks considered by prior work, CrypTFlow2 requires an order of magnitude less communication and 20x-30x less time than the state-of-the-art

The transcervical approach for parapharyngeal space pleomorphic adenomas: indications and technique.

BACKGROUND: Head and Neck Parapharyngeal space tumors are rare. Pleomorphic Adenomas are the most common Parapharyngeal space tumors. The purpose of this study was to define preoperative criteria for enabling full extirpation of parapharyngeal space pleomorphic adenomas via the transcervical approach while minimizing functional and cosmetic morbidity. METHODS: The surgical records and medical charts of 19 females and 10 males with parapharyngeal space pleomorphic adenomas operated between 1993 and 2012 were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were operated by a simple transcervical approach, 13 by a transparotid transcervical approach, and one by a transmandibular transcervical approach. Complications included facial nerve paralysis, infection, hemorrhage and first bite syndrome. There were three recurrences, but neither recurrence nor complications were associated with the type of surgical approach. CONCLUSION: A simple transcervical approach is preferred for parapharyngeal space pleomorphic adenomas with narrow attachments to the deep lobe of the parotid gland and for pleomorphic adenomas originating in a minor salivary gland within the parapharyngeal space

Acute Kidney Injury in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Major Morbidity and Mortality Risk Factor

Background and objectives: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at high risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI), presumably secondary to low kidney reserves, stressful postnatal events, and drug exposures. Our study aimed to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with AKI in VLBW infants. Study design: Records of all VLBW infants admitted to two medical campuses between January 2019 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. AKI was classified using the modified KDIGO definition to include only serum creatinine. Risk factors and composite outcomes were compared between infants with and without AKI. We evaluated the main predictors of AKI and death with forward stepwise regression analysis. Results: 152 VLBW infants were enrolled. 21% of them developed AKI. Based on the multivariable analysis, the most significant predictors of AKI were the use of vasopressors, patent ductus arteriosus, and bloodstream infection. AKI had a strong and independent association with neonatal mortality. Conclusions: AKI is common in VLBW infants and is a significant risk factor for mortality. Efforts to prevent AKI are necessary to prevent its harmful effects

Acute Kidney Injury in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Major Morbidity and Mortality Risk Factor

Background and objectives: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at high risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI), presumably secondary to low kidney reserves, stressful postnatal events, and drug exposures. Our study aimed to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with AKI in VLBW infants. Study design: Records of all VLBW infants admitted to two medical campuses between January 2019 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. AKI was classified using the modified KDIGO definition to include only serum creatinine. Risk factors and composite outcomes were compared between infants with and without AKI. We evaluated the main predictors of AKI and death with forward stepwise regression analysis. Results: 152 VLBW infants were enrolled. 21% of them developed AKI. Based on the multivariable analysis, the most significant predictors of AKI were the use of vasopressors, patent ductus arteriosus, and bloodstream infection. AKI had a strong and independent association with neonatal mortality. Conclusions: AKI is common in VLBW infants and is a significant risk factor for mortality. Efforts to prevent AKI are necessary to prevent its harmful effects

Excessive Sagittal Slope of the Tibia Component during Kinematic Alignment—Safety and Functionality at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up

The aim of this study was to assess the safety and functional outcomes of excessive sagittal alignment in the unrestricted kinematic alignment technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A retrospective, single-center study was conducted between 2018 and 2020, including patients undergoing primary TKA with a minimum 2-year follow-up. EOS imaging conducted before and after surgery was reviewed for overall alignment, and a number of measurements were taken, including sagittal tibial slope and other tibia and femur component positioning. Patients were interviewed and asked to fill out several questionnaires including a visual analog scale, the Oxford Knee Score, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Overall, 225 patients (66.7%) had a sagittal tibial slope angle above 5° (excessive) and 112 (33.3%) patients had an angle under 5° (moderate). A significant improvement in pain and function scores was observed in both groups following the surgery (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the moderate and excessive groups in the average VAS, OKS or the various subtypes of the KOOS score. However, there was a slight but significant difference in the number of patients achieving MCID in KOOS symptoms. There were no cases of early failure or loosening. Unrestricted KA and the excessive sagittal alignment of the tibial component seem to be reliable and safe in terms of restoring daily function and alleviating pain after a minimum of 2 years following the surgery

Cranialization of the frontal sinus for secondary mucocele prevention following open surgery for benign frontal lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To compare frontal sinus cranialization to obliteration for future prevention of secondary mucocele formation following open surgery for benign lesions of the frontal sinus. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS: Sixty-nine patients operated for benign frontal sinus pathology between 1994 and 2011. INTERVENTIONS: Open excision of benign frontal sinus pathology followed by either frontal obliteration (n = 41, 59%) or frontal cranialization (n = 28, 41%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of post-surgical complications and secondary mucocele formation were compiled. RESULTS: Pathologies included osteoma (n = 34, 49%), mucocele (n = 27, 39%), fibrous dysplasia (n = 6, 9%), and encephalocele (n = 2, 3%). Complications included skin infections (n = 6), postoperative cutaneous fistula (n = 1), telecanthus (n = 4), diplopia (n = 3), nasal deformity (n = 2) and epiphora (n = 1). None of the patients suffered from postoperative CSF leak, meningitis or pneumocephalus. Six patients, all of whom had previously undergone frontal sinus obliteration, required revision surgery due to secondary mucocele formation. Statistical analysis using non-inferiority test reveal that cranialization of the frontal sinus is non-inferior to obliteration for preventing secondary mucocele formation (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Cranialization of the frontal sinus appears to be a good option for prevention of secondary mucocele development after open excision of benign frontal sinus lesions

Surgical Complications.

<p>NS  =  Non Significant, N  =  Nerve.</p