Choroidal Folds in Acute-Stage Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Patients with Relatively Short Axial Length

Purpose: To report 2 cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease accompanied by remarkable choroidal folds in the acute stage. The early indicator of recurrence in these 2 cases was the identification of choroidal folds by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Case Reports: A 68-year-old woman (Case 1) presented with visual loss in both eyes. Funduscopic examination revealed optic disc swelling and serous retinal detachment in both eyes. SD-OCT revealed remarkable choroidal folds and serous retinal detachment. After the initiation of systemic steroid treatment, choroidal folds disappeared rapidly and the amount of serous retinal detachment reduced remarkably. Choroidal folds observed on SD-OCT were the early indicators of recurrence prior to the emergence of serous retinal detachment. A 62-year-old woman (Case 2) presented with bilateral blurred vision and metamorphopsia. SD-OCT showed remarkable choroidal folds and serous retinal detachment in both eyes. After the initiation of systemic steroid treatment, choroidal folds and serous retinal detachment disappeared. At the time of recurrence, choroidal folds were observed by OCT. Discussion: During monitoring of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease treatment, choroidal folds could be an early sign of recurrence. When choroidal folds are observed and recognized as an early indicator of recurrence, a prompt increase in steroids can improve the patients’ prognosis. Finally, both cases presented here had relatively short axial lengths, and we speculate that a shortened axial length may be a cause of choroidal folds in the acute stage of the disease

Studies on the Coastal Oceanography in the Vicinity of Fukuyama，Hiroshima Pref. : I. Distribution Patterns of Temperature， Chlorinity， pH and lnorganic Nutrient (Phosphate-P， Ammonia-N， Nitrite-N ， Nitrate-N) Contents of Sea Water in Early February，1968.

In the coldest and driest season of the year (i.e., February 3 and 4, 1968) measurements were taken on water temperature, chlorinity, pH and phosphate-P, ammonia-N, nitrite-N and nitrate-N contents of sea water off the estuary of the Ashida River, occupying 14 stations both at a high and a low water. The water temperature was within a range of 6-8°, its vertical variation being very slight reflecting the vertical circulation of water due to convective cooling. Chlorinity also demonstrated a slight vertical variation due to the same cause in all places except in the close vicinity of the river mouth and in the waste water discharged from a chemical plant. Normal pH values were encountered everywhere except in the vicinity of the chemical plant where values as low as 2.4～8.0pH were measured. Nutrient contents of sea water were low in the offing, and somewhat higher near the estuary of the Ashida River, and abnormally high in the water samples affected by the waste water from the chemical plant. Possible effects of such distribution patterns of sea water properties on the cultured laver were discussed

Studies on the Coastal Oceanography of the Bingo-nada and Hiuchi-nada Regions of the Se to Inland Sea : I. Distribution Patterns of Temperature, Chlorinity, Inorganic Nutrient Contents (Phosphate-P, Ammonia-N, Nitrite-N, Nitrate-N) and Some Other Properties of sea Water in Early February, 1968

About in the middle of the Seto Inland Sea extending east and west, a somewhat pear-shaped sea region is observed; its northern border (i.e., the tip of the pear-shape) being that part of the southern shore of Honshu where Fukuyama and Kasaoka cities are located; its southern border (the bottom of the pear) being the middle portion of the northern shore of Shikoku, where Kan-onji, Iyo-mishima, Niihama and Imabari cities are situated in an east to west line. This sea extension communicates with the shallower Bisan Straits in the northeast; the commonly accepted boundary between them runs from Konoshima on, south to Obi-shima, and then southeast to Misaki. In the west, this sea region is bordered by the eastern edges of the island chain (the Geiyo Islands) extending from Tomo southwest to Imabari, and communicates with the less neritic Aki-nada region by several straits. This sea region measures nearly 1,900 km2 in area and contains about 36 km3 of water. Its diameters are ca. 58 km laterally (Imabari to Kan-onji) and ca. 60 km longitudinally (along the 133°30' E meridian) (Fig. 1). This region can be subdivided into a northern and a southern portion by the arc of small islands including Uo-shima and Ibuki-shima; the former is called Bingo-nada and the latter, Hiuchi-nada. As part of the efforts to clarify the dynamics of organic production in this sea region, the authors performed, in early February, 1968, the measurements of the oceanographical factors named in the title above as well as pH, dissolved oxygen and turbidity of the sea water and also the depth of disappearance of the Secchi disc ('transparency'). Eleven stations were surveyed altogether during a 2-day cruise (Fig. 2). The driest and coldest season of the year was chosen for the observation. This paper presents the results of this examination (Table 1). The survey should be regarded as a preliminary attempt, since the authors did not yet succeed in elucidating the real mechanisms underlying the apparently complicated distributions of some of the measured factors. Following are the noticeable features of the results. Reflecting the convective cooling, the water temperatures proved vertically uniform at all stations except St. 6 (Fig. 3); chlorinity and dissolved oxygen were also nearly uniform vertically at all stations. Geographically, both temperature and chlorinity were highest along the western border of the sea region, and lowered towards the east (Figs. 4 & 5). Both elements reached a minimum near the Bisan Straits; they reached another minimum at the innermost part of Hiuchi-nada (near Iyo-mishima). This distribution pattern may point to the following tendency: the more saline and warmer water distributed to the westward was flowing into Bingo-nada and Hiuchi-nada through the straits of the Geiyo Islands and was then cooled and diluted while flowing eastward. It is also inferable that less saline and colder water was found in the Bisan Straits. The percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen was vertically uniform at all stations. Along the western border it was somewhat lower (ca. 96%); it showed a general trend towards increase towards the east except for the considerably low values (ca. 93%) at St. 15 (Table 1). Concentrations of inorganic nutrients, which were determined by absorptiometry using unfiltered water samples, showed to be within the following ranges: phosphate-P, 0.28-0.53; nitrite-N, 0.0-0.40; nitrate-N, 0.6-1.7 and ammonia-N, 0.0-5.3 µg-atoms/l (Figs. 7 & 8). It was difficult to find any pronounced regularity regarding the vertical and/or geographic variations in their concentrations. This difficulty might have been overcome to a considerable extent if simultaneous measurements had been taken of organic phosphorus and nitrogen of dissolved and particulate forms as well as of the activities of marine organisms in situ (particularly of phytoplankton). The Secchi disc 'transparency' was about 7 m along the western border, about 5 m in the central part, and between 6 and 8 m in the eastern part of the surveyed region. The only exception was the unexpected high value (11.6 m) at St. 15 (Fig. 6). The light scattering capability (‘turbidity’) of the water samples from various depths (except the bottom layer) was comparable with that of kaoline suspensions of 0.7-2.6 ppm. In neither vertical nor geographic distribution of turbidity, any pronounced regularity could be detected.Special Project Research “Studies on the Dynamic Status of Biosphere” supported by the Ministry of Education. This study was carried out as a part of JIBP Project

Olefin Polymerization Behavior of Titanium(IV) Pyridine-2-phenolate-6-(σ-aryl) Catalysts: Impact of “py-Adjacent” and Phenolate Substituents

A series of Ti­(IV) post-metallocene bis­(benzyl) precatalysts supported by tridentate pyridine-2-phenolate-6-(σ-aryl) [O,N,C] ligands, featuring various substituents on the σ-aryl (directly adjacent to the pyridine ring: fluoro, trifluoromethyl, benzo [C₄H₄]) and phenolate groups (<i>tert</i>-butyl, trifluoromethyl, cumyl, 1,1-diphenylethyl), have been prepared. Multinuclear (including ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁹F) NMR characterizations of the complexes have been performed. The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of these substituents upon ethylene polymerization reactivity and polymer properties. The cumyl-phenolate σ-naphthyl Ti precatalyst, in conjunction with [Ph₃C]­[B­(C₆F₅)₄], displays good activity and produces polyethylene with exceptionally high MW (<i>M</i>_n = 4 × 10⁶) and an <i>M</i>_w/<i>M</i>_n value (2.5) approaching single-site character at 50 °C, but multisite behavior is apparent for other catalysts. DFT calculations have been performed to probe the polymerization behavior and the role of the py-adjacent substituent. These studies revealed the possibility of two distinct polymerization reactions, namely conventional and ethylene-assimilated (comprising initial ethylene insertion into the Ti–C­(σ-aryl) bond) chain propagation, and found that the latter is kinetically preferred. Furthermore, the viability of another kinetically competitive pathway, namely the isomerization of the ethylene-assimilated [Ti−CH₂CH₂−aryl] species via β-H elimination and 2,1-reinsertion, was also indicated

Synthesis of Telechelic Olefin Polymers via Catalyzed Chain Growth on Multinuclear Alkylene Zinc Compounds

Multinuclear alkylene zinc (MAZ) compounds of the type EtZn-(R″-Zn)_<i>n</i>-Et (R″ = ethyl and propyl branched alkylene groups) were synthesized by a simple one-step procedure in nonpolar hydrocarbon solvents from α,ω-dienes (e.g., 1,7-octadiene or 1,9-decadiene) and diethylzinc using a bis­(salicylaldiminato)­Zr­(IV) complex, [(2-methylcyclohexyl)­NCH­(2-O-C₆H₃-3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl)]₂ZrMe₂, as a catalyst. The MAZ serves as a divalent reversible chain-transfer agent for olefin polymerization, resulting in telechelic Zn-metalated polyolefins whose molecular weights are controllable over a wide range. The Zn-terminated telechelics serve as a polymer precursor for further reactions and can be converted into a variety of telechelic functionalized polyolefins in high yield

Unzen Volcano : the 1900-1992 eruption

1.Chronological Table 2.Photographic Records of the 1990-1992 Eruptions at Unzen Volcano[Ohta] 3.Photographic Records of Eruption Products at Unzen Volcano during May 1991-May 1992[Nakada] 4.Photographic Records of People\u27s Life during the Eruption[The Nishinippon] 5.Geological and Tectonic Setting of Unzen Volcano[Okada] 6.The 1990-1992 Eruption of Unzen Volcano[Ohta, Matsuo, Yanagi] 7.Seismological Observations of Unzen Volcano before and during the 1990-1992 Eruption[Shimizu, Umakoshi, Matsuo, Ohta] 8.Surface Temperature Measurements of Lava Domes and Pyroclastic Flows by Infrared Thermal Video System[Umakoshi, Shimizu, Matsuo, Ohta] 9.Seismological Comparison in Eruptive Activity between Mt.Unzen and Mt.Usu[Suzuki] 10.Lava Domes and Pyroclastic Flows of the 1991-1992 Eruption at Unzen Volcano[Nakada] 11.Debris Flows in Mt.Fugen[Hirano, Hashimoto, Moriyama] 12.Geochemical Stuudy of Unzen Volcano by Noble Gas Measurement[Takaoka, Tokunaga, Nagao] 13.Temporal Variation in Specific Gravity of the Lava Extruded from the Jigokuato Crater[Yanagi, Nakada, Maeda] 14.Temporal Variation in Chemical Composition of the Lava Extruded from the Jigokuato Crater, Unzen Volcano[Yanagi, Nakada, Maeda] 15.Batch Franctionation Model for the Evolution of Unzen Volcanic Rocks[Yanagi, Nakada, Maeda] 16.Geological Examination of the Two Old Maps from the Tokugawa Era Concerning the “Shimabara Catastrophe”[Miyachi] 17.Monitoring Ground Movements of Chijiwa Foult and Mt. Mayuyama Using the Global Positioning System for Surevying[Esaki, Aikawa, Okubo, Shimizu, Ohta] 18.Slope Stability of Mt. Mayuyama under the Volcanic Activity of Unzen Volcano[Ochiai, Hayashi, Umemura, Iryo] 19.Earthquake Observations at Mt. Mayuyama[Tsutsumi, Aso, Kitagawa, Uno] 20.Decision Making Process of Both the Administration Bodies and the Inhabitations for Evacuation during the Eruption of Mt. Fugen in Unzen Volcano[Matsunaga, Takahashi] 21.A Documentary of People\u27s Life During the 1990-1992 Eruption of Unzen Volcano[Kawazoe, Okada] References本書は、1990年11月に噴火を開始した雲仙岳の火山活動について地球物理学的、地球科学的、地質学的観測、溶岩組成に基づく噴火モデルおよび眉山崩壊の土質工学的予測を含む総括的報告である