A Comparative study of oxidant and Anti-oxidant parameters in Chronic Renal Failure, Haemodialysis (Pre &Post) and Controls

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is featured by a progressive decline of kidney function and is mainly caused by chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. CKD is a complex disease due to cardiovascular complications and high morbidity; however, there is no single treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. Since biological markers representing oxidative stress are significantly elevated in CKD patients, oxidative stress is receiving attention as a contributing factor to CKD pathology. Aim of our study is comparison of oxidant and anti oxidant parameters in chronic renal failure, Hemodialysis (pre and post) and control subjects. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on a patient group comprising of 50 patients diagnosed with CRF, 50 were pre hemodialysis, 50 were post hemodialysis (MHD). This patient group was compared to a healthy group including 100 controls. All the study participants were admitted in the department of Medicine [Nephrology department] at “Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences”, Kadapa. Andhra Pradesh. India. The obtained serum samples were used for biochemical analysis for estimating MDA, vitamin A and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). Conclusion: Our results reflects the primary mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation during hemodialysis which may cause of CVD development in hemodialysed patients

Comparative Study on Serum Enzyme Levels in Cirrhosis of Liver and Alcoholic Liver Disease

Patients with chronic liver diseases are asymptomatic or have only vague non-specific symptoms. Effective medical treatments for chronic liver disease (before cirrhosis is established) are becoming increasingly available and since abnormal LFTs may be the only indication of this diseases. Aims: comparative study on serum Enzyme levels in various liver diseases. Discussion: serum Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Gamma Glutamyl transferase (Gamma GT), Alanine and Aspartate amino transferases were estimated in viral Hepatitis, Alcoholic liver diseases, Obstructive jaundice, cirrhosis of the liver. It was observed that obstructive jaundice shows higher levels of ALP levels followed by alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver. Viral hepatitis shows higher rise of SGOT, SGPT levels, followed by alcoholic liver disease, obstructive jaundice, and cirrhosis of liver. Gamma Glutamyl transferase enzymes highest levels are seen in alcoholic liver disease. Conclusion: These enzymatic variations are useful to diagnose the disease and classify them according to etiology

To study the organization of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and inflammatory marker CRP in acute myocardial infarction

There is an increasing incidence of coronary artery disease in India. We therefore need a tool to evaluate the severity and prognosis of this acute myocardial infarction. In acute myocardial infarction, the function of plaque rupture and inflammation has already been identified. Aim: To study the organization of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and inflammatory marker CRP in acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Material: Patients who have been diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction (ST Elevation Acute myocardial Infarction or Unstable angina/Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) and admitted to ICCU of Rajiv Gandhi institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, AP. are the subjects. Sample consists of 100 cases of acute myocardial infarction. Case history was taken from the patients, and studied according to proforma. Conclusion: Elevated levels of CRP are independent indicators of adverse effects. When contrast with the LDL / HDL ratio, CRP is used for risk stratification and as a prognostic predictor. These findings suggest that in patients with acute myocardial infarction, raised CRP Levels is significant as compared to LDL/HDL ratio

A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improved Performance under Faulty Operating Conditions

In this paper, decouple PI control for output active and reactive powers which is the common control technique for power converter of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented. But there are some disadvantages with this control method like uncertainty about the exact model, behavior of some parameters or unpredictable wind speed and tuning of PI parameters. To overcome the mentioned disadvantages a fuzzy logic control of DFIG wind turbine is presented and is compared with PI controller. To validate the proposed scheme, simulation results are presented, these results showed that the performance of fuzzy control of DFIG is excellent and it improves power quality and stability of wind turbine compared to PI controller. The Fuzzy logic controller is applied to rotor side converter for active power control and voltage regulation of wind turbine. The entire work is carried out in MATLab/Simulink. Different faulty operating conditions are considered to prove the effective implementation of the proposed control scheme

Low Voltage Ride-Through of Doubly Fed Induction Machine using Direct Torque Control Strategy

The wind turbines based Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) not able to support the voltage and the frequency of the grid during and immediately following the grid failure. This would cause major problems for the systems stability, but the turbines should stay connected to the grid in case of a failure. This can be achieved by using crowbar protection in particularly during voltage dips. When low depth voltage dips occur, the necessity of crowbar proctection can be eliminated by using proposed Direct Torque Control (DTC), with a proper rotor flux generation strategy, by which during the fault it will be possible to maintain the machine connected to grid, generating power from the wind, reducing the stator and rotor over currents, eliminating the torque oscillations that normally produce such voltage dips and fast dynamic response accompanies the overall control of the wind turbine.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v3i1.173

To study an elderly people's abnormal electrocardiographic changes at government hospital

Population aging is one of the demographic characteristics of the 21st century. This process is necessarily accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases that may have expression on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Aim: to study an elderly people's abnormal electrocardiograph at government hospital. Material and Methods:All the Patients were admitted in the department of Medicine at  Government medical college, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India. Study period January 2021 to june 2021These participants were then clinically examined and studied in accordance with the study's guidelines to generate the necessary data, which was then categorised, tabulated, and classed before being subjected to analysis. Total 300 persons should taken in the study.150 were healthy one and 150 were patients. The age of the persons should be 65 years and above, both the sex were included. Conclusion: Atrial fibril-lation was the most prevalent rhythm abnormality. With no association to sex or skin tone, ventricular repolarization changes outweighed ventricular depolarization changes. There were a sizable number of instances with extended QT, left ventricular hypertrophy, and anomalous left atrium

Evaluate the liver injury in COVID-19 patients at government medical college and hospital, Ambikapur

A pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in December 2019 in China's Wuhan region and spread worldwide by April 2020, affecting 187 of the world's 192 countries with varied degrees of severity. When alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was > 55 U/l or total bilirubin was > 1.6 mg/dl, a patient was regarded to have liver damage. For laboratory data, the Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated, and bivariable analysis for mortality and/or the need for intensive care was performed. Aim: To evaluate the liver injury in covid-19  patients at government medical college and hospital. Methods and Materials: All the Patients were admitted in Covid ward at Govt. medical college and hospital, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh. India. Present study were divided into two groups. Group-I: Female COVID Positive Patients -20, Group-II –Male COVID positive Patients -20.Conclusion: To summarise, patients with COVID-19 in Ambikapur, Chattisgarh, had a significant rate of abnormal liver function tests, which was linked to poorer outcomes when they developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Heat Transfer Analysis of Sisko Fluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet in a Conducting Field with Newtonian Heating and Constant Heat Flux

The present study investigates the steady three-dimensional flow of a Sisko fluid over a bidirectional stretching sheet under the influence of Lorentz force. Heat transfer effects have been carried out for constant heat flux and Newtonian heating systems. The transformed governing equations of the flow model are solved by using the spectral relaxation method (SRM), taking into account similarity transformations. The effects of controlling parameters on flow and derived quantities have been presented in the form of graphs and tables. Numerical benchmarks are used to characterise the effects of skin friction and heat transfer rates. It is noticed that in the case of Newtonian heating, the rate of heat transfer is higher than that in the constant heat flux case. As the stretching parameter increases, the fluid temperature decreases in both Newtonian heating and constant heat flux. It was discovered that successive over (under) relaxation (SOR) approaches will considerably boost the convergence speed and stability of the SRM system. The current findings strongly agree with earlier studies in the case of Newtonian fluid when the magnetic field is absent