10,577 research outputs found
The Kelvin Formula for Thermopower
Thermoelectrics are important in physics, engineering, and material science
due to their useful applications and inherent theoretical difficulty,
especially in strongly correlated materials. Here we reexamine the framework
for calculating the thermopower, inspired by ideas of Lord Kelvin from 1854. We
find an approximate but concise expression, which we term as the Kelvin formula
for the the Seebeck coefficient. According to this formula, the Seebeck
coefficient is given as the particle number derivative of the entropy
, at constant volume and temperature ,
. This formula is shown to be competitive compared to other
approximations in various contexts including strongly correlated systems. We
finally connect to a recent thermopower calculation for non-Abelian fractional
quantum Hall states, where we point out that the Kelvin formula is exact.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Thermopower as a Possible Probe of Non-Abelian Quasiparticle Statistics in Fractional Quantum Hall Liquids
We show in this paper that thermopower is enhanced in non-Abelian quantum
Hall liquids under appropriate conditions. This is because thermopower measures
entropy per electron in the clean limit, while the degeneracy and entropy
associated with non-Abelian quasiparticles enhance entropy when they are
present. Thus thermopower can potentially probe non-Abelian nature of the
quasiparticles, and measure their quantum dimension.Comment: 5 pages. Minor revisions in response to referee comments. Published
versio
Thermopower of Two-Dimensional Electrons at = 3/2 and 5/2
The longitudinal thermopower of ultra-high mobility two-dimensional electrons
has been measured at both zero magnetic field and at high fields in the
compressible metallic state at filling factor and the
incompressible fractional quantized Hall state at . At zero field
our results demonstrate that the thermopower is dominated by electron diffusion
for temperatures below about mK. A diffusion dominated thermopower is
also observed at and allows us to extract an estimate of the
composite fermion effective mass. At both the temperature and
magnetic field dependence of the observed thermopower clearly signal the
presence of the energy gap of this fractional quantized Hall state. We find
that the thermopower in the vicinity of exceeds that recently
predicted under the assumption that the entropy of the 2D system is dominated
by non-abelian quasiparticle exchange statistics.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures
Theory of the Nernst effect near quantum phase transitions in condensed matter, and in dyonic black holes
We present a general hydrodynamic theory of transport in the vicinity of
superfluid-insulator transitions in two spatial dimensions described by
"Lorentz"-invariant quantum critical points. We allow for a weak impurity
scattering rate, a magnetic field B, and a deviation in the density, \rho, from
that of the insulator. We show that the frequency-dependent thermal and
electric linear response functions, including the Nernst coefficient, are fully
determined by a single transport coefficient (a universal electrical
conductivity), the impurity scattering rate, and a few thermodynamic state
variables. With reasonable estimates for the parameters, our results predict a
magnetic field and temperature dependence of the Nernst signal which resembles
measurements in the cuprates, including the overall magnitude. Our theory
predicts a "hydrodynamic cyclotron mode" which could be observable in ultrapure
samples. We also present exact results for the zero frequency transport
co-efficients of a supersymmetric conformal field theory (CFT), which is
solvable by the AdS/CFT correspondence. This correspondence maps the \rho and B
perturbations of the 2+1 dimensional CFT to electric and magnetic charges of a
black hole in the 3+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space. These exact results are
found to be in full agreement with the general predictions of our hydrodynamic
analysis in the appropriate limiting regime. The mapping of the hydrodynamic
and AdS/CFT results under particle-vortex duality is also described.Comment: 44 pages, 4 figures; (v3) Added new subsection highlighting negative
Hall resistance at hole densities smaller than 1/
Revision der palaearktische arten der gattungen Nycteola Hb. und Erschoviella gen. nov. (Lepidoptera, Nycteolidae)
Número abril-diciembreNach dem Katalog von Staudinger Sz. Rebel (Cat. Lep. Pal.
Faun., 1, 1901, p. 361) wurden zur Gattung Sarrothripus Curt ,
drei palaearktische Arten gestellt, und zwar : revayana Sc., musculana
Ersch. und nilotica Rghfr. Von diesen hat Hampson (Cat.
Lep. Phal., XI, 1912, p. 231) die letzterwähnte Art in die Gattung
Characorna Wkr. übertragen, zu Sarrothripus Curt. aber
neben den zahlreichen ausserpalaearktischen Arten noch die wenig
bekannte coreana Leech gestellt (Hampson, op. cit., p. 266,
-t. CLXXXI, fig. 5). Hampson ebenso wie später Warren (in :
Seitz, Gross-Schm. d. Erde, III, 1913, p. 290), hat zu revayana
neben ihren zahlreichen Formen auch degenerana (Hb.) Hw.
zugezogen, obwohl die Artrechte dieser Form schon durch die
Studien von Klos & 1Vleixner (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, LVII,
19° 7, Berichte, pp. i73-174) bewiesen wurden und sie bei Spuler
(Schm. Eur., II, 1910, p. 49 1) wie auch bei Rebel (Berge's Schmetterlingsbuch,
1910, pp. 421-422) als eine selbständige Art angeführt
ist. Später hat Filipjev (Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS,
XXVIII, 1927, p. 260) in einer seiner faunistischen Arbeiten die
als eine revayana-Form beschriebene asiatica Krul. für eine eigene
Art erklärt (ohne dies näher zu begründen) und beabsichtigte der
Gattung Sarrothripus Curt. eine Revision zu widmen, was leider
unerfüllt blieb.Peer reviewe
Double Top Production at Hadronic Colliders
We calculate the contribution of anomalous top-quark interaction with a
gluon, photon, and -boson (FCNC) to pair production in hadronic
collisions. Using the current data from Run~1 of the Tevatron we evaluate the
upper limit on the the anomalous coupling of -quark with gluon,
TeV. We examine the production of double
top ( or ) at hadronic colliders as a result of FCNC
interactions of the top quark. It is shown that the study of such reactions at
LHC collider makes possible to obtain the constraint on strength of coupling at
the level of TeV.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, epsfig, 12 figure
Recognition With Learning As a Problem of Choice
The paper highlights a problem of pattern
recognition with learning as a part of a wider problem of
choice. It is shown that by information basis the problem
can be compared with problems of formulae classification
in sentence calculus and logical diagnostics. A family of
algorithms is constructed that can be used for solving
any of the above-mentioned problems. It is shown that an
algorithm from the family can be compared with classical
ones (method of resolution, etc), and, therefore, is
justified at least in the algorithmic sense
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