Komposteinsatz als Pflanzenschutzmassnahme im Obstbau

Inhalt - Kompost generell - Komposteinsatz zur Vorbeugung gegen Apple Replant Disease/Bodenmüdigkeit - Aktuelle Forschung am FiBL über die Kompostmikrobiologi

OpenGenomeBrowser: a versatile, dataset-independent and scalable web platform for genome data management and comparative genomics.

BACKGROUND As the amount of genomic data continues to grow, there is an increasing need for systematic ways to organize, explore, compare, analyze and share this data. Despite this, there is a lack of suitable platforms to meet this need. RESULTS OpenGenomeBrowser is a self-hostable, open-source platform to manage access to genomic data and drastically simplifying comparative genomics analyses. It enables users to interactively generate phylogenetic trees, compare gene loci, browse biochemical pathways, perform gene trait matching, create dot plots, execute BLAST searches, and access the data. It features a flexible user management system, and its modular folder structure enables the organization of genomic data and metadata, and to automate analyses. We tested OpenGenomeBrowser with bacterial, archaeal and yeast genomes. We provide a docker container to make installation and hosting simple. The source code, documentation, tutorials for OpenGenomeBrowser are available at opengenomebrowser.github.io and a demo server is freely accessible at opengenomebrowser.bioinformatics.unibe.ch . CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, OpenGenomeBrowser is the first self-hostable, database-independent comparative genome browser. It drastically simplifies commonly used bioinformatics workflows and enables convenient as well as fast data exploration

Neue Möglichkeiten der Kontrolle von Kohleule im Eistadium

This work, which is part of a project called Biocomes (www.biocomes.eu), is financially supported by the European Union and it focuses on the control of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through mass release of the egg parasitoid Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

A Novel Real Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Didymella pinodella in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plant Hosts

Didymella pinodella is the major pathogen of the pea root rot complex in Europe. This wide host range pathogen often asymptomatically colonizes its hosts, making the control strategies challenging. We developed a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of D. pinodella based on the TEF-1 alpha gene sequence alignments. The assay was tested for specificity on a 54- isolate panel representing 35 fungal species and further validated in symptomatic and asymptomatic pea and wheat roots from greenhouse tests. The assay was highly consistent across separate qPCR reactions and had a quantification/detection limit of 3.1 pg of target DNA per reaction in plant tissue. Cross-reactions were observed with DNA extracts of five Didymella species. The risk of cross contamination, however, is low as the non-targets have not been associated with pea previously and they were amplified with at least 1000-fold lower sensitivity. Greenhouse inoculation tests revealed a high correlation between the pathogen DNA quantities in pea roots and pea root rot severity and biomass reduction. The assay also detected D. pinodella in asymptomatic wheat roots, which, despite the absence of visible root rot symptoms, caused wheat biomass reduction. This study provides new insights into the complex life style of D. pinodella and can assist in better understanding the pathogen survival and spread in the environament.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Duddingtonia Flagrans: A Promising Fungal Biocontrol Agent For Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Small Ruminants

"Controlling gastrointestinal nematodes is a challenge for organic and conventional owners of small ruminants with access to pastures. A new biocontrol method using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans is expected to complement existing alternatives for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing animals in the future. Animals receive chlamydospores of D. flagrans, which pass through the gastrointestinal tract and germinate in the freshly deposited faeces. In parallel to the development of helminth larvae, the fungal mycelium grows and forms trapping structures with which it fixes, kills and ""digests"" the nematode larvae. This leads to reduced pasture contamination and infection of subsequently grazing animals.In an experiment with organic dairy goats, a dose-dependent effect of D. flagrans administration was shown. Compared to horses, cattle and sheep, higher doses were required to obtain 70% reduction of helminth larval development in faecal cultures of goats.

Identifizierung und Charakterisierung der krankheitsunterdrückenden Mikroorganismen beim Komposteinsatz

Einleitung • Bodenbürtige Krankheiten verursachen grosse Schäden und sind schwierig zu kontrollieren. • Kompost-Zugabe kann Druck durch bodenbürtige Krankheitserreger reduzieren • ABER: Nicht jeder Komposteinsatz ist erfolgreich. • Möglicher Grund ist die sich während des Kompost-Reifeprozesses laufend ändernde mikrobielle Zusammensetzung. • Es ist weitgehend noch unbekannt, welche mikrobiellen Konsortien wichtig für die suppressive Wirkung von Komposten sind

Züchtung auf Resistenz gegen Anthraknose bei Weisser Lupine

1. Hintergrund 2. Lupinen: Potential und Probleme 3. Anthraknose bei Lupinen 4. Resistenzzüchtung: Stand international 5. FiBL – Lupinenprojekt: Ziele, Massnahmen, erste Ergebnisse, Ausblic

Pushing forward white lupin as a local source for protein and nitrogen in Central Europe

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a promising leguminous crop. Europe is fully dependent on protein and nitrogen fertilizer imports. This has tremendous negative effects both in Europe and the producing countries, such as loss of terrestrial biodiversity, pollution of freshwater, increase of greenhouse gases and soil acidification. Diverse crop-rotations with a substantial amount of pulses are a proven solution. The protein composition and yield potential of white lupin suggest that it could become the ‘Soy of the North’. Currently, the seed-borne pathogen Colletotrichum lupini is substantially impeding the cultivation of white lupin in Central Europe. We developed a DNA-based diagnostic test to identify and quantify the fungal pathogen in plants and seeds. This technique will allow us to improve our understanding of the Colletotrichum lupini life cycle and, thereby, lay the basis for an advanced resistance breeding approach

Grundsteine zur Züchtung Marssonina coronaria-robuster Apfelsorte

Seit 2010 fallen in vielen europäischen Apfelanbaugebieten einzelne Bäume oder ganze Anlagen durch einen vorzeitigen Blattfall auf. Biologisch bewirtschaftete Apfelanlagen sind dabei häufiger von dieser Pilzkrankheit betroffen als integrierte. Im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit wurde versucht, dem Pilz auf die Spur zu kommen und die Grundsteine für die Resistenzzüchtung zu legen

Ocean acidification reshapes the otolith-body allometry of growth in juvenile seabream

International audienceThe effects of elevated CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) on otolith calcification and on the coupling between the somatic and otolith growth were investigated in juvenile gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Six-month old individuals were raised during seven weeks under four pCO2 conditions set according to projected future ocean acidification scenarios. Body and otolith biometric parameters were measured throughout the experiment along with the otolith biomineralization monitored using a radiotracer technique based on 45Ca incorporation. Seabream exhibited somatic growth resilience to all treatments. In contrast, increased growth rate and shape complexity of otoliths were observed with a pHT drop from 8.1 to 7.5. Hypercalcification was observed under lowered pH, with a rate of calcium incorporation increasing by up to 18% between pHT 8.1 and pHT 7.7. This work highlighted an uncoupling of otolith and body growth of juvenile seabream within 40 d at pHT 7.9 projected to be reached by the end of the century. As the otolith is an essential tool used in reconstructing fish life history, this work suggests that information resulting from otolith studies should be interpreted with caution with respect to the potential impacts that ocean acidification projected modifications could have on otolith biomineralization