体の痛み、社会的支援、抑うつ状態、脳血管疾患は独立して高齢者の睡眠障害と関連する : 藤原京スタディ横断解析

OBJECTIVE: To investigate independent effects of various factors associated with sleep disturbance among community-dwelling elderly individuals. METHODS: We analyzed data obtained from 3732 individuals aged ≥65 years who responded to a self-administered questionnaire and participated in a structured interview which assessed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), subjective bodily pain, the Jichi Medical School Social Support Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), health status, and demographic characteristics. Sleep disturbance was defined as a global PSQI score >5.5, which was used as a dependent variable in multiple logistic regression analysis to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of related factors. RESULTS: We identified a significant increase in the adjusted ORs for female (OR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.34-1.83), age ≥80 years (1.31, 1.01-1.69), history of stroke (1.44, 1.08-1.92), and a GDS-15 score ≥6 as compared to 0-2 (2.29, 1.86-2.81), with regard to sleep disturbance. Participants with severe or very severe bodily pain had the highest adjusted OR (3.00, 2.15-4.19), and those with very mild bodily pain also had a relatively high OR (1.30, 1.06-1.60), relative to those without subjective bodily pain. In addition, compared with participants with strong social support from spouse or family, those with weak social support had significantly increased adjusted ORs (1.21, 1.01-1.44, 1.44, 1.23-1.70, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that sleeping disturbances among the elderly are closely associated with social support from a spouse and family. They are also associated with pain, even at stages in which subjective bodily pain is very mild.博士（医学）・乙第1381号・平成28年9月28日© The Japanese Society for Hygiene 2016The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-016-0529-

MLH1-mediated recruitment of FAN1 to chromatin for the induction of apoptosis triggered by O6-methylguanine

O6 -Methylguanines (O6 -meG), which are produced in DNA by the action of alkylating agents, are mutagenic and cytotoxic, and induce apoptosis in a mismatch repair (MMR) protein-dependent manner. To understand the molecular mechanism of O6 -meG-induced apoptosis, we performed functional analyses of FANCD2 and FANCI-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), which was identified as an interacting partner of MLH1. Immunoprecipitation analyses showed that FAN1 interacted with both MLH1 and MSH2 after treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), indicating the formation of a FAN1-MMR complex. In comparison with control cells, FAN1-knockdown cells were more resistant to MNU, and the appearances of a sub-G1 population and caspase-9 activation were suppressed. FAN1 formed nuclear foci in an MLH1-dependent manner after MNU treatment, and some were colocalized with both MLH1 foci and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) created at damaged sites. Under the same condition, FANCD2 also formed nuclear foci, although it was dispensable for the formation of FAN1 foci and ssDNA. MNU-induced formation of ssDNA was dramatically suppressed in FAN1-knockdown cells. We therefore propose that FAN1 is loaded on chromatin through the interaction with MLH1 and produces ssDNA by its exonuclease activity, which contributes to the activation of the DNA damage response followed by the induction of apoptosis triggered by O6 -meG.福岡歯科大

Suppression of TopBP1 function increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments by enhancing the induction of apoptosis

福岡歯科大学2020年

Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Forms of Self-Management Group Education in Japanese People with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of education on diabetes prevention in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. A total of 100 subjects of impaired glucose tolerance with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels ≥5.5 to <6.1% were assigned randomly to either support or control groups. All subjects received education in 8 sessions over a 6-month period. The support group consisted of 10 members collaborating with a dietitian or a nurse who learned coping skills by employing a participant-centered approach. Participants in the support group were required to keep a diary that monitored weight, food intake and blood glucose levels, while the control group attended several lectures. Subjects assigned to the support group had a reduction in mean HbA1c levels from 5.77 ± 0.36% at baseline to 5.39 ± 0.24% at the endpoint (p<0.01). Weight, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels also decreased (p<0.01) in the support group, whereas subjects in the control group had no observable reduction in these indices. After intervention, participants of the support group had improvements in their 2-h post-meal blood glucose levels. Support group education can be effective for improving glycemic control in participants when carried out in collaboration with educators and other team members

ARTADE2DB: Improved Statistical Inferences for Arabidopsis Gene Functions and Structure Predictions by Dynamic Structure-Based Dynamic Expression (DSDE) Analyses

Recent advances in technologies for observing high-resolution genomic activities, such as whole-genome tiling arrays and high-throughput sequencers, provide detailed information for understanding genome functions. However, the functions of 50% of known Arabidopsis thaliana genes remain unknown or are annotated only on the basis of static analyses such as protein motifs or similarities. In this paper, we describe dynamic structure-based dynamic expression (DSDE) analysis, which sequentially predicts both structural and functional features of transcripts. We show that DSDE analysis inferred gene functions 12% more precisely than static structure-based dynamic expression (SSDE) analysis or conventional co-expression analysis based on previously determined gene structures of A. thaliana. This result suggests that more precise structural information than the fixed conventional annotated structures is crucial for co-expression analysis in systems biology of transcriptional regulation and dynamics. Our DSDE method, ARabidopsis Tiling-Array-based Detection of Exons version 2 and over-representation analysis (ARTADE2-ORA), precisely predicts each gene structure by combining two statistical analyses: a probe-wise co-expression analysis of multiple transcriptome measurements and a Markov model analysis of genome sequences. ARTADE2-ORA successfully identified the true functions of about 90% of functionally annotated genes, inferred the functions of 98% of functionally unknown genes and predicted 1,489 new gene structures and functions. We developed a database ARTADE2DB that integrates not only the information predicted by ARTADE2-ORA but also annotations and other functional information, such as phenotypes and literature citations, and is expected to contribute to the study of the functional genomics of A. thaliana. URL: http://artade.org

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Gene Expression Profiling of the Tetrapyrrole Metabolic Pathway in Arabidopsis with a Mini-Array System

Tetrapyrrole compounds, such as chlorophylls, hemes, and phycobilins, are synthesized in many enzymatic steps. For regulation of the tetrapyrrole metabolic pathway, it is generally considered that several specific isoforms catalyzing particular enzymatic steps control the flow of tetrapyrrole intermediates by differential regulation of gene expression depending on environmental and developmental factors. However, the coordination of such regulatory steps and orchestration of the overall tetrapyrrole metabolic pathway are still poorly understood. In this study, we developed an original mini-array system, which enables the expression profiling of each gene involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis simultaneously with high sensitivity. With this system, we performed a transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis seedlings in terms of the onset of greening, endogenous rhythm, and developmental control. Data presented here clearly showed that based on their expression profiles at the onset of greening, genes involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis can be classified into four categories, in which genes are coordinately regulated to control the biosynthesis. Moreover, genes in the same group were similarly controlled in an endogenous rhythmic manner but also by a developmental program. The physiological significance of these gene clusters is discussed

Photodynamic activity of anthocyanin from Basella alba linn (Alugbati) berries against Staphylococcus aureus

The emergence of bacteria that are multi-drug resistant can pose a great threat in the health of the public. This decreases the ability of antibiotics to fight against infections. Among these antibiotic-resistant bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus which can both be commensal and pathogenic. Some of its harmful effects include skin, bloodstream, bones and joint infections. Due to this problem, the researchers explored on the field of photodynamic therapy (APDT). This is a non-invasive method which uses light to activate a photosensitizer which changes from a ground state to an excited singlet state that can create a reaction to damage microbial cells. In this study, the researchers have used anthocyanin extract from alugbati berries enhanced with copper chloride as photosensitizer. It was diluted with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to achieve the desired concentrations: 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 75mg/ml, 100mg/ml, and 200mg/ml. Its antibacterial effect was tested using Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test with PDT. The agar plates for the experimental group were divided into five sections containing the concentrations. On the other hand, the control group was composed of 1% DMSO for the negative while sulfamethoxazole was used for the positive. The plates were subjected to visible light irradiation for various hours (0 hr, 1 hr and 2 hrs). After the 24-hour incubation, results have shown no zones of inhibition for the different setups. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus applied with various concentrations of the extract