2-[(4-Chloro­benz­yl)carbonyl­meth­yl]benzoic acid

The title compound, C16H13ClO3, is an important inter­mediate in the conversion of isocoumarin to 3,4-dihydro­isocoumarin. The two aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 67.18 (3)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. There is also a C—H⋯π contact between the benzoic acid and 4-chloro­benzyl rings

3-(3-Fluoro­benz­yl)-1H-isochromen-1-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H11FO2, contains two independent mol­ecules. The isochromene ring systems are planar and are oriented with respect to the fluoro­benzene rings at dihedral angles of 87.15 (3) and 87.85 (3)° in the two mol­ecules

Chemical insights into the synthetic chemistry of five-membered saturated heterocycles—a transition metal–catalyzed approach

Drug design and delivery is primarily based on the hunt for new potent drug candidates and novel synthetic techniques. Recently, saturated heterocycles have gained enormous attention in medicinal chemistry as evidenced by the medicinal drugs listed in the FDA Orange Book. Therefore, the demand for novel saturated heterocyclic syntheses has increased tremendously. Transition metal (TM)–catalyzed reactions have remained the prime priority in heterocyclic syntheses for the last three decades. Nowadays, TM catalysis is well adorned by combining it with other techniques such as bio- and/or enzyme-catalyzed reactions, organocatalysis, or using two different metals in a single catalysis. This review highlights the recent developments of the transition metal–catalyzed synthesis of five-membered saturated heterocycles

1-(3-Chloro­benz­yl)-5-iodo­indoline-2,3-dione

In the title compound, C15H9ClINO2, which possesses anticonvulsant activity, the iodo­indoline ring system is essentially planar (maximum deviation 1.245 Å) and is oriented with respect to the 3-chloro­benzyl ring at a dihedral angle of 76.59 (3)°. In the crystal, there is a π–π contact between iodo­indoline ring systems [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8188 (4) Å]

Synthesis of Functionalized 4-Chlorophthalates, 2-Naphthoates, 2-Fluorobiaryls, and Arylpyridines by Cyclocondensation Reactions of 1,3-Bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes and Related Dienes and by Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions

Fluorinated biaryls and azaxanthones are prepared based on domino reactions of substituted 2-fluoro-1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes with cyanochromones. Bis(triflate) of 4-chloro-3,5-dihydroxyphthalate used for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction show good site-selectivity controlled by steric parameters. Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogoshira reactions of the bis(triflate) of phenyl 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate proceeded with good site-selectivity controlled by electronic parameters. The Diels-Alder reaction of pyridyl- and pyrimidyl-substituted acetylenes with electron-rich dienes yeilded arylpyridines and arylpyrimidines

Insights into eutectic formation and photodynamic therapeutic effects produced by folic acid on wound healing by an allantoin-fructose system

An insight has been provided into the eutectic formation and cutaneous wound healing potential of a binary allantoin/β-D-fructose system (AF). The system was blended with folic acid for light-aided wound therapy. Solid–liquid binary phase diagram showed a differential melting depression of 88°C from the ideal line and the existence of eutectic at X1 = X2 = 0.5. Simulations of molecular mechanics showed the involvement of hydantoin C=O and ureido –NH in hydrogen bonding with hydroxyl or hydroxymethyl groups of fructose. In the eutectic-folic acid blend (AFF), H-bonds were present between =N of pterin ring A and hydantoin –NH. Additionally, pi-sigma interactions involving pterin rings and pyranose moiety were revealed. The bulk density variations showed the disruption of the allantoin template after eutectic formation. An in-depth attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopic analysis endorsed the findings of other investigations and vibrational frequencies of interacting functionalities were shifted to different extents. The thermal stability of the eutectic mixture was markedly compromised after the addition of folic acid. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated the presence of co-crystal in addition to eutectic. Eutectic and its blend produced nearly the same healing effects in non-infected cutaneous wounds in rabbit models under normal and photodynamic wound therapy

Synthesis, urease inhibition screening and molecular docking studies of piperonal based imine derivatives

A series of piperonal-based imines (3a-c) and bis-imines (5a-o) have been synthesized in search of new urease inhibitors. Synthesized compounds were characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and EI-MS. These derivatives were subjected to evaluation of urease inhibitory potential, which exhibited a varied degree of potential, ranging from 41.7 +/- 5.8 to 353.6 +/- 5.8 mu M, when compared with the standard inhibitor (i.e., thiourea having IC50 value 21.8 +/- 1.51 mu M). Amongst the synthesized bis-imines, three compounds 5d, 5h, and 5g exhibited good inhibitory potential having IC50 values 41.7 +/- 5.8, 43.7 +/- 5.8, and 52.6 +/- 5.8 respectively so can be further investigated. The remaining compounds exhibited moderate to weak activities. Molecular modeling studies were performed to understand the binding interactions with the enzyme

Potential enzyme inhibitor triazoles from aliphatic esters: Synthesis, enzyme inhibition and docking studies

Enzyme inhibitors are vital aspects for studying enzymes and are employed as drugs to treat certain disorders, thus implying pivotal role in drug discovery. In the current study, a series of triazole compounds 4(a-o) were synthesised to explore their inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and urease enzymes. These derivatives with dichlorophenyl substituents were prepared by cyclization of thiosemicarbazides and their structures were confirmed through spectroanalytical techniques. The in vitro biological screening revealed that the compounds 4a, 4b, 4k, 4l, 4m, 4o having IC50 values of 121.09 ± 1.25, 137.22 ± 0.22, 110.4 ± 2.4, 114.79 ± 1.1, 146.72 ± 1.29, 94.21 ± 0.15 [µM] respectively, exhibited good potential α-glucosidase inhibition, in comparison to Acarbose: IC50 51.23 µM, while the compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4k, 4l, having IC50 values of 48.52 ± 0.39, 52.22 ± 1.37, 60.98 ± 0.34, 37.06 ± 0.51, 38.66 ± 1.7 [µM] respectively exhibited good potential for urease inhibition near to standard(Thiourea: IC50 24.14 [µM]). These in vitro findings were accompanied further by molecular docking simulations, which revealed significant binding interactions of the synthesized derivatives within the active sites of the enzymes