MITIGATING ROLE OF ZINC AND IRON AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED TOXICITY IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF MALE ALBINO RAT: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO METALLOTHIONEIN QUANTIFICATION

Objective: The present study is carried out to know the mitigating role of zinc (Zn) and / or iron (Fe) supplementation on cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in rats with special reference to metallothionein (MT) protein.Methods: Wistar strain male albino rats were treated orally with Cd at a dose of 1/10th of LD50 / 48h (i. e. 22.5 mg/kg) for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) long sojourn. 15d Cd treated rats were then subjected to trace element supplementations of Zn (12mg/kg) and Fe (40mg/kg) individually and in combination for another 7, 15 and 30d time intervals. After specific time intervals, rats were decapitated and tissues like liver and kidney were isolated. The vital oxidative stress enzymes such as GST and GPx were assayed by using the standard methods in the test tissues. LPO levels were also measured by using the standard protocol. MTs, the metal binding proteins which are the first line of defense against Cd toxicity were quantified by using the standard methods in the test tissues.Results: A significant (P < 0.05 level) elevation in LPO levels with decreased activity levels of GST and GPx were observed during Cd intoxication. With Zn and Fe supplementation, a significant reversal in the above said parameters were observed. MT protein levels were significantly elevated in the test tissues during Cd treatment and also after supplementation with Zn and / or Fe. Maximum MT protein synthesis was observed in 30d rat kidney under combined supplementation of both Zn and Fe.Conclusion: The present study focuses on the mitigating role of trace elements Zn and Fe in reducing the Cd body burden from the selected tissues of rat. Supplementation with Zn and / or Fe envisages the therapeutic role of trace elements in combating the heavy metal, Cd insult.Â

ZINC AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMBAT CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN FRESH WATER TELEOST OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA)

Objective: The present work was carried out to know the therapeutic role of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) supplementation to combat cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in selected tissues of freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd.Methods: The freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fishes were exposed to 1/10th of LC50/48 hr of Cd i.e.5 ppm for 7, 15 and 30days (d) long sojourn. After 15d Cd exposure, fish were divided into three groups. The 1st group was supplemented with Zn at a dose of 1 ppm; Group–II was supplemented with Ca at the dose of 1 ppm and Group–III received a combination of both Zn and Ca at the above said doses for 7, 15 and 30d. After specific time intervals, fish were sacrificed and liver, kidney, brain, gill and muscle tissues were isolated in ice cold conditions. Then the tissues were used for bioaccumulation studies.Results: A significant (P<0.05) elevation was observed in bioaccumulation levels during Cd exposure. The high amount of Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed kidney (22.353±0.410 µg/g) followed by other tissues. After supplementation with Zn and Ca, Cd accumulation was progressively decreased in all the test tissues. The maximum percentage of Cd depletion was found in 30d Ca-supplemented muscle tissue.Conclusion: Our findings clearly envisage that the Zn and/or Ca supplementation is very effective in reducing the Cd toxicity in the teleostean fish, Oreochromis mossambicus

Synthesis of 2-aryl substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazoline-4(1H)-ones under solvent free conditions using ionic liquid as a mild and efficient catalyst

A simple, green and environmentally benign procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazoline-4(1H)-ones in basic ionic liquid via the cyclocondensation of 2-amino benzamide with an aldehyde. This offers several advantages such as high yields, simple procedure, low cost, short reaction times, mild and solvent free condition

Role Of Selenium and Vitamins E And C In Combating Cadmium Bioaccumulation in The Selected Tissues of Rats: A Therapeutic Approach

The aim of the present investigation is to check the therapeutic role of selenium (Se) and vitaminE and C on cadmium (Cd) induced bioaccumulation in liver, kidney and testis of Cd treated rats. Wistar strain male albino rats were treated with cadmium chloride at a dose of 1/10th of LD50 /48h i.e. 22.5 mg/Kg body weight for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) time intervals. Then 15d Cd treated rats were divided into two groups. Group I supplemented with Se (1mg/kg body weight) and II group received combination of Se, vitamins E (300mg/kg) and C (200mg/kg) and observed for 7, 15 and 30days. After specific time intervals, rats were decapitated and tissues such as liver, kidney and testis were isolated and used for the estimation of Cd bioaccumulation levels by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS – Schimadzu AA6300). There was a significant elevation in Cd concentrations in the test tissues with increased period of Cd treatment. Maximum Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd treated rat kidney (42.80±0.30μg / gm). However, there was a significant reduction in Cd bioaccumulation with Se and vitamin E and C supplementation. Maximum decrease in Cd accumulation was found in 30d rat kidney (5.04 ±0.08μg / gm) supplemented with the combination of Se andvitamin E and C. Our findings clearly envisage that combined supplementation of Se and vitamin E and C is more effective in reducing the Cd body burden when compared to the individual mode of supplementation

Multiobjective output feedback controller compare with IMC-based PID controller

The present work aims at comparison between Internal Model Control (IMC) and Multiobjective Output Feedback Controller. The inter model control (IMC) based tuning principle is straightforward, simple to use, and easy to implement which is exceptionally appealing to professionals in the real practice. The most essential reality is IMC-PI/PID tuning guideline has one and only characterized tuning parameter, which is straightforwardly identified with the closed loop time constant. Internal Model Control selecting among the other conventional PID Controllers by considering values of the Integral of the squared value of the error (ISE) and Integral of the absolute value of the error (IAE). IMC is comparing with Direct Synthesis Method (DSM) this method is based on the desired closed loop characteristic equation. In Multiobjective the design objectives are H-infinity and Pole Placement Constraints. These design objectives are formulated in terms of the common lyapunov function. A complete Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) of the output feedback synthesis with H-infinity control with pole placement is presented. By change of controller variables the output feedback control would be linearized due to the nonlinear terms include in the objectives constraints. The Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) constraints of the design objectives i.e. H-infinity and Pole Placement Constraints are derived, and these LMI constraints are solving by using LMI Solvers. The comparison of the methods is illustrated by a realistic design example and the simulation results are presents

Effect of combinations of four trace elements on cadmium bioaccumulation in a few tissues of male albino rats

The present study is designed to investigate the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in selected tissues such as liver, kidney, testis and small intestine of male albino rats treated for Cd and after combined supplementation with Zinc (Zn) + Iron (Fe) and Selenium (Se) + Copper (Cu). The wistar albino rats were treated with cadmium chloride(CdCl2)at a dose of 1/10th LD50 i.e. 22.5 mg / kg body weight for 7, 15 and 30 days(d) time intervals. After 15 d to Cd treatment, the rats were then supplemented with the above combination of two trace elements and thenobserved for accumulation of Cd at specific time intervals. These trace elements at a dosage of 1 mg/ kg body weight of Se, 16mg/kg body weight of Cu, 12 mg / kg body weight of Zn and 40 mg / kg body weight of Fe were given as supplements. There was significant Cd accumulation in liver and kidney among the selected tissues before to supplementation and there was significant decrease in the Cd accumulation levels in all the tissues after trace element supplementation. Moreover the 30d Zn + Fe supplemented rat kidney showed maximum decrease in Cd accumulation (8.327?g/g wet wt. of the tissue)

Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease

This extensive study explores the field of novel biomarkers for the early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD), looking at a variety of indicators, including circulating endothelial cells, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), microRNAs, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The review emphasizes how important these indicators are to improving CVD risk assessment, prognosis, and treatment plans. While each biomarker offers distinct insights into particular facets of cardiovascular health, multi-biomarker panel integration is suggested for a more thorough knowledge. The paper also discusses the difficulties with standardization, moral issues, and legal restrictions related to using these biomarkers in therapeutic settings. In addition, the revolutionary potential of these new biomarkers in conjunction with state-of-the-art technologies is emphasized, providing a promising path towards precision cardiovascular care and customized medicin

Performance of wide-area power system stabilizers during major system upsets: investigation and proposal of solutions

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of Benasla, M., Denaï, M., Liang, J. et al. Performance of wide-area power system stabilizers during major system upsets: investigation and proposal of solutions. Electr Eng (2021). The final authenticated version is available online https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01168-3Wide-area damping controllers (WADCs) are effective means of improving the damping of inter-area oscillations and thereby ensuring a secure operation of modern highly stressed interconnected power systems; however, their implementation costs are high. Therefore, the controller must be well configured and designed to ensure its cost-effectiveness. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature to design effective controllers and good results have been achieved. However, some important practical aspects that could potentially impact the performance of the designed controller have not been addressed or studied in sufficient detail in these previous works. One such aspect is assessing the performance of the designed controllers under major system upsets resulting in large deviations in the frequency and fluctuations in the power. These may lead to controller saturation which could negatively impact its damping performance or even cause instability. In this paper, the impact of such large upsets is investigated on several test systems via extensive small- and large-signal analyses and it is shown that, during severe transients, controller saturation may occur and persist over a long period of time, posing a potential threat to the power system stability. This paper presents a very effective solution to alleviate this problem and help design more robust WADCs. The simulation results show that the proposed solution works well and leads to improved power system stabilisers performance during transient upsets.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Transcriptional Repressor HIC1 Contributes to Suppressive Function of Human Induced Regulatory T Cells

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical in regulating the immune response. In vitro induced Treg (iTreg) cells have significant potential in clinical medicine. However, applying iTreg cells as therapeutics is complicated by the poor stability of human iTreg cells and their variable suppressive activity. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of human iTreg cell specification. We identified hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) as a transcription factor upregulated early during the differentiation of human iTreg cells. Although FOXP3 expression was unaffected, HIC1 deficiency led to a considerable loss of suppression by iTreg cells with a concomitant increase in the expression of effector T cell associated genes. SNPs linked to several immune-mediated disorders were enriched around HIC1 binding sites, and in vitro binding assays indicated that these SNPs may alter the binding of HIC1. Our results suggest that HIC1 is an important contributor to iTreg cell development and function