Mycorrhiza in tropical agriculture

No abstract

Review of some chemical characteristics of selected acid soils of south-western Ghana

No abstract

Phosphate rock dissolution and availability in some soils of semi-deciduous Rainforest Zone of Ghana

Alfisols and Ultisols of the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana are known to be moderately acid and very low in plant available phosphorus (P). These soils need to be fertilized to increase crop production but due to economic reasons local farmers are unable to afford water-soluble P fertilizers. Instead of expensive superphosphates, the use ofless expensive phosphate rocks such as Togo rock phosphate (TRP), Gafsa rock phosphate (GRP) and 50% partially acidulated rock phosphate (PAPR) are possible alternative P sources for these soils. The rate of dissolution of TRP, GRP, PAPR and TSP in three benchmark soils of Ghana was assessed, and the effectiveness of these P sources determined in a greenhouse using maize (Zea mays var. Toxpino) as a test crop. The dissolution of the P sources in three soils Bekwai, Nzima (Ultisols) and Kokofu (Alfisol) along a toposequence was investigated in an incubationstudy and also in a greenhouse experiment. The rate of dissolution of the P fertilizers was determined in the laboratory by extracting with anion exchange resin membrane (AEM), 0.1M NaOH and 1M HCl at 21 days interval for 105 days. In the greenhouse study, each P source was added at the rate of 60 mg P kg-1 soil, and sown to maize (Zea mays.var.Toxpino) for 28 days. The results of the incubation study showed that the amount of P extracted by the AEM and HCl, following the addition of the P sources, decreased with incubation time in all three soils. However, there was an increase in NaOH-P in all the three soils as incubation progressed. The increase in the NaOH-P suggested that thedissolved P was adsorbed by Fe and Al oxides. The greenhouse results showed that dry matter yield was in the order TSP = PAPR > GRP > TRP. Relative to TRP, the PAPR and GRP were reactive enough to provide plant available P to satisfy the early P requirement for maize growth. Togo PR has little potential for direct application in the three soils

Assessing the Effect of Seedling Age and Time of Urea Supergranule Application on Rice Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use efficiency

Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient in tropical soils and nitrogen fertilizer application to rice is subject to losses. Good synchrony of nitrogen availability to crop’s need is a strategy to reduce losses and improve efficiency. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of seedling age and time of urea supergranule application on rice growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The experiment consisted of 10, 14, 21 and 28-day old seedlings and urea supergranule applied at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after transplanting with a check treatment without nitrogen application. Results indicated significant effect of seedling age on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Highest grain yield, nitrogen uptake, agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen recovery efficiency were obtained with 10 and 14-day old seedlings, while the lowest values were observed for 28-day old seedlings. Urea supergranule applied at 7 or 14 days after transplanting gave the highest rice growth parameters while the lowest performances were obtained with urea supergranule applied at 0 and 21 days after transplanting. The interactive effect showed better growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice when urea supergranule was applied at 7 or 14 days after transplanting seedlings of 10 and 14-day old. The results suggested that even though application of urea supergranule at 7 and 14 days after transplanting increased rice yield over 0 and 21 days after transplanting, for the aged seedlings of 21 and 28-day old, the variation of urea supergranule application time could not compensate for the decrease of yield due to old seedlings transplanting

Phosphorus adsorption, rice dry matter yield, and P use efficiency as influenced by phosphorus fertilizer rates in rainfed lowland soils in Togo

The study focused on improving phosphorus (P) fertilizer recommendation in rainfed lowland rice soils in Togo. Phosphorus adsorption was conducted on four soils to determine their P adsorption characteristics and standard phosphorus requirement (SPR). The adsorption maximum ranged from 143 to 200 mg P/kg. The amount of P adsorbed range from 62.70 to 74.85 mg P/kg. Greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine rice response to phosphorus rates based on the SPR values, and to assess rice P uptake and use efficiency. Five phosphorus rates, Control: 0 mg P kg−1, P recommended rate (RR): 5 mg P kg−1, 4 × RR: 20 mg P kg−1, 50% SPR and 100% SPR were used. Results indicated no significant difference between the Control treatment and the P recommended rate (RR), and between the 50% SPR and the 100% SPR with reference to shoot dry matter yield. P uptake and P use efficiency were significantly and positively influenced by the various P fertilizer rates. From the study, the blanket P recommended rate is inappropriate, however, site-specific P fertilizer rate of 50% SPR may be recommended to improve rainfed lowland rice yields in Togo

Mycorrhiza in tropical agriculture

(Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science, 1991-94, 24-27: 11-18

Sustaining soil productivity 1

Sustaining soil productivity in intensive African agriculture is the proceedings of the seminar organized by CTA and held in Ghana in November 1993. Fifty-nine scientists from African and European institutions assembled at the seminar to exchange ideas and experiences on how to ameliorate the affects of intensive agricultural practices which have resulted in low crop yields, build-up of pests and diseases and the dramatic lowering of soil productivity. Sustaining soil productivity in intensive African agriculture edited by Y Ahenkorah E Owasu-Bennoah G Dowuana 1995 123pp ISBN 92 9081 138 2 available from CTA Alternative financing volume 2: bibliographic cards, indexes and addresses 1995 299pp ISBN 2 XS368 006 X available from CTA (See Soore 62 p9 for details of volume 1)Sustaining soil productivity in intensive African agricultur

Review of some chemical characteristics of selected acid soils of south-western Ghana

(Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science, 1991-94, 24-27: 153-164