Diversity and genetic variation among brevipalpus populations from Brazil and Mexico.

Brevipalpus phoenicis s.l. is an economically important vector of the Citrus leprosis virus-C (CiLV-C), one of the most severe diseases attacking citrus orchards worldwide. Effective control strategies for this mite should be designed based on basic information including its population structure, and particularly the factors that influence its dynamics. We sampled sweet orange orchards extensively in eight locations in Brazil and 12 in Mexico. Population genetic structure and genetic variation between both countries, among locations and data from fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). In both countries, B. yothersi was the most common species and was found in almost all locations. Individuals from B. papayensis were found in two locations in Brazil. Brevipalpus yothersi populations collected in Brazil were more genetically diverse (14 haplotypes) than Mexican populations (four haplotypes). Although geographical origin had a low but significant effect (ca. 25%) on the population structure, the greatest effect was from the within location comparison (37.02 %). Potential factors driving our results were discussed

Infestation of Pyemotes tritici (acari: Pyemotidae) on Melipona colimana (hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): A case study [Infestación de pyemotes tritici (acari: Pyemotidae) en Melipona colimana (hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): Estudio de caso]

A colony of Melipona colimana was infested by Pyemotes tritici, leading that colony to abscond. The association between such species is recorded for the first time; P. tritici is defined as a parasitoid. It is hypothesized that the infestation was originated from infested Passalid beetles or ants entering the colony. This novel association is considered an important risk to meliponine bees and Apis mellifera

Infestation of Pyemotes tritici (acari: Pyemotidae) on Melipona colimana (hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): A case study [Infestación de pyemotes tritici (acari: Pyemotidae) en Melipona colimana (hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae): Estudio de caso]

A colony of Melipona colimana was infested by Pyemotes tritici, leading that colony to abscond. The association between such species is recorded for the first time; P. tritici is defined as a parasitoid. It is hypothesized that the infestation was originated from infested Passalid beetles or ants entering the colony. This novel association is considered an important risk to meliponine bees and Apis mellifera

A method for characterizing the biological activity of essential oils against Varroa jacobsoni

International audienc

Morphological characteristics of <i>B</i>. <i>papayensis</i>.

<p>A) Palp femur with barbed, setiform dorsal seta. B) Cuticle of the propodosoma, sc1 = scapular seta, v2 = vertical seta, white arrow shows anterior and posterior reticulation. C) Dorsal cuticle of the opisthosoma, dorsal opisthosomal setae: c1, c3, d1, d3, e1, e3, f3, h1, h2; white arrow shows reticulation between setae e1 and h1 starting as transverse folds and becoming longitudinal towards h1. D) Ventral view of the cuticle between aggential setae 3a and 4a, white arrow shows reticulations forming transverse bands. E) White arrow shows spermatheca. The black line represents 50 μM.</p

Morphological characteristics used to separate <i>B</i>. <i>yothersi and B</i>. <i>papayensis</i> (Beard et al. [7]).

<p>Morphological characteristics used to separate <i>B</i>. <i>yothersi and B</i>. <i>papayensis</i> (Beard et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0133861#pone.0133861.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>]).</p

Morphological characteristics of <i>B</i>. <i>papayensis</i>.

<p>A) Palp femur with barbed, setiform dorsal seta. B) Cuticle of the propodosoma, sc1 = scapular seta, v2 = vertical seta, white arrow shows anterior and posterior reticulation. C) Dorsal cuticle of the opisthosoma, dorsal opisthosomal setae: c1, c3, d1, d3, e1, e3, f3, h1, h2; white arrow shows reticulation between setae e1 and h1 starting as transverse folds and becoming longitudinal towards h1. D) Ventral view of the cuticle between aggential setae 3a and 4a, white arrow shows reticulations forming transverse bands. E) White arrow shows spermatheca. The black line represents 50 μM.</p

Dendrogram inferred from maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and neighbour joining analyses of COI data from <i>B</i>. <i>yothersi</i> and <i>B</i>. <i>papayensis</i>.

<p>Samples in bold were collected in Brazil. Other <i>Brevipalpus</i> species used as reference species and <i>Cenopalpus pulcher</i> (Canestrini and Fanzago) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) used as the outgroup, are labelled according to their GenBank accession numbers. Only bootstrap values above 90% with the three analyses were considered. Significance of values obtained with the three analyses are represented by asterisks (* ≥ 90%, ** ≥ 95%). G1 = group 1, G2 = group 2. Scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions after maximum likelihood analysis.</p