Electrical and Optical Properties of Te doped GaSb

To examine the property of impurity states in n- and p-type GaSb, the crystals were prepared by doping it with Te. The Hall and resistivity measurements were made and, simultaneously, the free carrier absorption was measured. The undoped crystals were always p-type. The perfect compensation was found to occur at the 0.003 at% amount of Te added to the melt. In the p-type GaSb, it was found that the acceptor level, which results from vacancies in Sb sub-lattice site, is located at 0.021 eV. In the n-type GaSb, the donor concentration changed from 0.5 to 10 x10¹⁸cm⁻³ by increasing the Te amount. It was suggested that the acceptor introduced into the n-type crystal corresponds to the deeper acceptor level, which was observed in the highly compensated p-type sample. The concentration of its acceptor was found to be fairly larger than that of the native acceptor

Percutaneous screw fixation without bone graft for cystic-type scaphoid fractures

金沢医療センター整形外科金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系BACKGROUND:: The most controversial problem in treating scaphoid fractures is whether bone grafts are necessary for cystic-type fractures. METHODS:: We treated 105 scaphoid fractures using Herbert screws (1988-1997), AO 3.0 mm cannulated screws (1998-2002), and Acutrak screws (2003-2006). The patients ranged in age from 14 years to 67 years (average, 26 years). Our classifications were based on the radiographic findings: linear type (51 cases); cystic type (24 cases); and sclerotic or displaced type (30 cases). Linear and cystic types did not have any displacement more than 2 mm. If the fracture line had a sclerotic zone thicker than 1 mm, it was classified as sclerotic or displaced. The length of time before surgery did not affect the classification. Osteosynthesis was performed-without bone graft in all linear cases, with a bone graft in 7 and without a bone graft in 17 cases in cystic type, and with all bone graft in sclerotic or displaced type. RESULTS:: Bone union was achieved in all cases in linear type. There were one failure (AO) in 7 cases with bone graft and 3 failures (1 Herbert and 2 AO) in 17 cases without bone graft in cystic type. All 10 cases achieved bone union without bone graft in cystic type using Acutrak screw. There were two failure cases (2 AO) in sclerotic or displaced type. CONCLUSIONS:: Screw fixation without bone graft using Acutrak screws was a reliable strategy for the treatment of cystic-type scaphoid fractures. © 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

SALMONELLA TYPES IN ANIMALS IN SAPPORO

Some investigations on Salmonella distribution in several animal species in and around Sapporo have been performed. Data are summarized as follows : 1. Eleven Strains of Salmonella organism in total were isolated from 1,233 cases of animals mainly including cattle, hog, dog, fox etc. 2. Salmonella types found were S. enteritidis (5) from cattle, dogs, fox and cat, S. typhimurium (3) from dog, fox and rat, one each S. thompson from hog, S. cerro from fox and S. amager from mink. 3. The isoiation of Salmonella cerro and Salmonella amager were the first to be made in Japan. 4. Besides Salmonella, 4 Bethesda-paracolon group organisms were also isolated from cow, hogs and fox

STUDIES ON HEPATITIS CONTAGIOSA CANIS I. : INFECTION EXPERIMENTS ON DOGS WITH TWO STRAINS OF THE VIRUS AND SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TEST

1. By using two strains, "YAMAGUCHI" and "MATSUDA", of H.c.c. which were encountered in Sapporo, serial transmission experiments on puppies aged 14〜90 days were conducted. In case of the "MATSUDA" strain, the fatal infection could be transferred to the 3rd passage, however only non-fatal infection occurred in dogs at the 4th passage. On the other hand, in the "YAMAGUCHI" strain the authors could not bring out any fatal infections. 2. The clinical symptoms of puppies were variable even within the same litter. Fatal infection was found to occur in 28.6% (8/28) in the "MATSUDA" strain but 0% in the "YAMAGUCHI" strain. The total infection rates including fatal, severe, mild or inapparent form were 75% (21/28) with the former and 60% (6/10) with the latter strain. 3. Complement-fixing antibody was developed during the period of 12〜15 days after inoculation. There seems to be no relationship among route, dose, severity of the clinical signs or viral strains examined. 4. In order to ascertain the prevalence of this disease in Japan, a survey on distribution of C.F. antibody among dogs from 4 districts was conducted. One hundred and eighty-six dog serum samples out of 374,nearly 50%, reacted positively. There seems not to be very much difference among districts (44〜57%)

STUDIES ON EQUINE PARATYPHOID VACCINE : III. CLINICAL REACTIONS AND ANTIBODY RESPONSES OF HORSES TO CHROME VACCINE OF SALMONELLA ABORTUS EQUI

1. Intramuscular injection of chrome vaccine in horses was favourable from the viewpoint of clinical reactions and antibody production. 2. Heat-killed vaccine injected subcutaneously caused early local and systemic reaction and its rapid disappearance compared with chrome vaccine. 3. Chrome vaccine and oil chrome vaccine showed high tendency to cause suppuration when they were injected intra- or subcutaneously. 4. Foals generally react more slightly than two-year-old colts. 5. Marked increase of antigenicity was not observed in chrome vaccine. 6. Peanut oil adjuvants without lanoline had no enhancing effect on chrome vaccine. 7. Duration of antibody production in 5〜8.5 months old foals is shorter than that in two-year-old colts