Ortodontiye ilişkin dünya genelindeki internet verilerinin değerlendirilmesi: Google trends analizi

Objective: The aim of study is to examine the interest in orthodontics in the last 5 years using Google Trends data all over the world. Trends application was searched for the last five years. Search results were recorded separately for all keywords and separately for 26 countries with sufficient data. The mean of all search results is taken and a Google Trends Value (GTV) is obtained for the countries. These data were correlated with population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and knowledge of English (English Proficiency Index – EPI) in countries. Pearson correlation test was used for correlation values between Population, GDP and EPI with Google Trend values. Results: According to the table, the highest GTV were observed in United States (65.33); lowest GTV were observed in France. According to the statistically analysis, a positive correlation was found between GTV with both population and GDP and EPI values. Finally, a positive correlation was found between GDP and EPI values and this positive correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between the interest in orthodontics and the population. There is a significant positive correlation between the Gross National Product and the level of knowledge of English.Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, tüm dünyada Google Trends arama verilerini kullanarak son 5 yılda ortodonti konusuna olan ilgiyi incelemektir. Materyal ve Metot: 6 Temmuz 2020’de, Google Trends uygulamasında son beş yıldaki arama verileri tarandı. Arama sonuçları, tüm anahtar kelimeler için ayrı ayrı ve yeterli veriye sahip 26 ülke için ayrı olarak kaydedildi. Tüm arama sonuçlarının ortalaması alındı ve ülkeler için bir Google Trends Değeri (GTV) elde edildi. Bu veriler nüfus, Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hâsıla (GDP) ve ülkelerdeki İngilizce bilgisi (İngilizce Yeterlilik Endeksi – EPI) ile ilişkilendirildi. Nüfus, GDP ve EPI ile Google Trends değerleri arasındaki korelasyon değerleri için Pearson korelasyon testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Tabloya göre, en yüksek GTV değeri ABD'de gözlenmiştir (65,33); Fransa'da en düşük GTV değeri görülmüştür. İstatistiksel analize göre, GTV ile hem nüfus hem de GDP ile EPI değerleri arasında pozitif bir korelasyon bulundu. Son olarak GDP ve EPI değerleri arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu ve bu pozitif korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Ortodontiye olan ilgi ile nüfus arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla ile İngilizce bilgi düzeyi arasında ise anlamlı bir pozitif ilişki vardır.No sponso

Land suitability assessment for wheat production using analytical hierarchy process in a semi-arid region of Central Anatolia

Rational planning of soil resources based on their capabilities are needed for the sustainable use of agricultural lands. Land suitability classification is an important evaluation tool for the management of soil resources. This study aimed to evaluate the land suitability for wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation using an approach that integrates multi-criteria decision making (MCDA) analysis and geographic information systems (GIS). The study area cover 21146 ha land and is located within the land consolidation area in the Çumra Plain, located in Central Anatolia of Turkey, The physical, chemical and fertility properties of the soil samples collected from 342 points in the study area were used as parameters in the wheat suitability assessment. The relative weight values of the soil parameters were determined by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Literature and expert opinion were used in the creation of the AHP matrices and the determination of the sub-criteria. The criteria with the highest weight values or which have the highest impact on wheat growth were soil texture (0.30) and pH (0.16), while the lowest weight values were given for micro elements (0.02). Land Suitability Assessment was applied to the maps of soil variables using weighted overlay analysis in the GIS environment by using the relative weights. Thus, the suitability of the study area for wheat cultivation was mapped. The results revealed that 74% of the study area was highly suitable (S1) and 24% was moderately suitable (S2) for wheat cultivation. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.81, which indicated a successful prediction of the GIS-MCDA hybrid approach for wheat suitability assessment. Integration of land suitability analyzes specific to plant variety in land consolidation projects can provide a more detailed perspective on the land in the design of planning studies. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

The structural situation of the dairy cattle farms in Kahramanmaraş province 4 social and cultural sitiation in farmers

Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş ilindeki süt sığırcılığı işletmecilerinin sosyal ve kültürel durumları incelenmiştir. İl genelinde işletme başına büyükbaş hayvan sayısı 3.55, küçükbaş hayvan sayısı ise 8.61 olarak hesaplanmıştır. İşletme başına arazi genişliği hem bitkisel hem de hayvansal üretim yapan işletmelerde 50 dekar, tüm tarımsal sadece hayvancılık yapan işletmelerde ise 48 dekar olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ankete tabi tutulan işletmelerde ortalama büyüklük 9.09 BBHB’dir. İşletmelerde tutulan hayvanların %30’u yerli, %48’i melez ve %22’si kültür ırkı şeklindedir. Anket yapılan işletmecilerin %43’ü ilkokul mezunu, %9’u okur-yazar değil, %26’sı ortaokul, %21’i lise ve %1’i üniversite mezunudur. İşletmecilerin %97’ si radyoya, %100’ü TV’ye, %91’i cep telefonuna sahiptir. İşletmelerde traktöre sahip olma oranı %51, özel otomobile sahip olma oranı ise %49 olarak bulunmuştur. İşletmecilerin %25’i günlük gazeteye abonedir, %8’i hayvancılıkla ilgili bir okuma materyaline ulaşmaktadır. Tarım ile ilgili TV kanalı izleme oranı ise %48’dir.This study was carried out to determine the social and cultural structure in Kahramanmaraş dairy cattle farms. Generally, the number of sheep and goat, and cattle per family determined as 8.61 and 3.55, respectively. The size of holdings land per family engaged in both crop production and animal husbandry, and only animal husbandry was 50 decares and 48 decares, respectively. According to invistigation, average nuber of agricultural holdings was 9.09 BBHB. Current cattle breeds in farms were 30 % of native breeds, 48 % cross breeds and 22% were cultural breeds. It was determined that 43% of the farm owners is education was primary school; 9% did not go to school; 26% secondary school, 21% high school and 1% university. 97% of the farmers have radio; 91% of them use gsm, 100% of them have TV. 51% of the farmers have tractor and 49% of them use private otomobil. 25% of the farmers read daily newspaper; 8% of them read animal related material; 48% of them follow agricultural TV channel

Shaping ability of the profile 25/0.06 and protaper F2 in rotary motion, and reciproc in simulated canals

Background Since the introduction of nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) instruments to dentistry, a wide variety of Ni–Ti instruments have become commercially available. These Ni–Ti instruments are expensive, which limits their usage in developing countries and forces practitioners to use instruments repeatedly. Another problem is the possible prion cross-contamination associated with the multiple usage of endodontic instruments. In addition, the use of these instruments requires new skills and experience. In this article, the shaping capacities of two conventional rotary file systems, ProFile 25/0.06 and ProTaper F2, were reviewed and compared with the Reciproc single-file system. Methods A total of 45 simulated canals with 40° curvature, in clear resin blocks, were prepared using conventional rotary systems consisting of ProFile orifice shaping (OS) #3 and final flaring #25/.06, Reciproc R25, and ProTaper shaping file SX and finishing file F2. Pre-and post-instrumentation images were analyzed at ten different levels, using AutoCAD 2007 software. The measurement positions were defined in 1-mm intervals: positions 0–3 established the apical part, positions 4–6 constituted the middle part, and positions 7–10 established the coronal part of the canal. The amount of removed resin, the transportation, instrumentation time, change in working length (WL), instrumentation fractures, and the presence of ledge were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and independent t-test (p < 0.001). Results ProFile removed the least resin (p < 0.001) and caused less transportation than Reciproc and ProTaper, in total (p < 0.001). ProTaper caused more transportation ProFile and Reciproc in the apical part (p < 0.000). Reciproc caused more transportation than ProTaper and ProFile (p < 0.001), and the transportation tendency toward the inner aspect of the curvature in the middle part. Reciproc caused the less transportation than ProFile and ProTaper in the coronal part. The transportations tended to occur toward the outside of the curvature, except the middle part with Reciproc and at points 5 and 6 with ProTaper. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of maintaining the original WL. Reciproc was significantly faster than the others group (p < 0.001). Only one instrument fracture (25/0.06 ProFile) was noted. All groups showed one ledge each. Discussion The results of the present study showed that both ProFile 25/06 and ProTaper F2, combined with a file used for coronal enlargement (OS3 and SX), have the potential to create satisfactory canal shape in the curved root canals. Further studies using real human teeth are needed to confirm our results

The comparison of high and standard definition computed tomography techniques regarding coronary artery imaging

Objective: The aim was to compare coronary high-definition CT (HDCT) with standard-definition CT (SDCT) angiography as to radiation dose, image quality and accuracy. Material and Methods: 28 patients with history of coronary artery disease scanned by HDCT (Discovery CT750 HD) and SDCT (Somatom Definition AS). The scan modes were both axial prospective ECG-triggered. The vessel diameters and vessel attenuation values of totally 280 measurements from 140 coronary arteries were analyzed by two experienced radiologists. All data was analyzed by intraclass correlation test. Image quality graded by motion and stair step artifacts (grade 1, poor, to grade 4, excellent), accuracy of vessel inner and outer diameters were compared between the two CT units using the independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of measured vessel attenuation values in SDCT between the two radiologists was exceedingly good. The ICC was higher in HDCT. The radiation dose of HDCT was higher than that of SDCT. The mean tube current was 180 (mA) in HDCT and 147(mA) in SDCT with the same tube voltage (kVp). There was no significant difference between image quality. Conclusion: HDCT has a higher radiation dose but has much more atenuation and the spatial resolution which improve measurement accuracy for imaging coronary arteries

Salivary Oxidative Status and the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: To compare the oxidative status in saliva between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemically healthy controls in the context of periodontal health and to evaluate whether salivary oxidative status correlates with the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Materials and Methods: A total of 184 volunteers, 92 with MS and 92 systemically healthy volunteers, participated in the study. Each person underwent medical, neurological, and oral examinations. Saliva samples were taken, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoferrin (LF), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were determined. Results: There were no differences in the periodontal parameters between the patients with MS and the healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). The NLR was higher in the patients with MS than in the controls (P = 0.000). However, patients with MS had non-significantly lower MPO levels and higher LF, TOS, and OSI levels than the controls (P > 0.050). There was a significant decrease in TAOC levels in the MS group (P = 0.016). There were higher TOS levels in the periodontally healthy patients with MS and higher OSI levels in the periodontitis - stage 2 patients with MS than those in the matched controls. There were also higher TAOC levels in the periodontitis - stage 3 MS group (P < 0.050). There were positive correlations between MPO, TAOC levels and the probing depths, the clinical attachment levels (CALs) in the MS and control groups. While higher periodontal parameters and MPO levels were associated with increased disability factors, the CALs and the TAOC and MPO levels were elevated in those with longer disease durations (P < 0.050). Conclusion: The periodontal findings in the patients with MS are not different from those in healthy controls; however, increased MPO and decreased TAOC levels in saliva and higher NLRs in patients with MS indicate a prominent ongoing systemic inflammation despite altered immune surveillance

Rabies in Foxes, Aegean Region, Turkey

At the end of the 1990s in the Aegean region of Turkey, rabies rapidly spread among foxes. This spread likely resulted from spillover infection from dogs and led to increased rabies cases among cattle. To control this outbreak, oral rabies vaccination of foxes has been used

The impact of Ki-67 index, squamous differentiation, and several clinicopathologic parameters on the recurrence of low and intermediate-risk endometrial cancer

Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) represents approximately 75-80% of endometrial carcinoma cases. Three hundred and thirty-six patients with EEC followed-up in the authors’ medical center between 2010 and 2018 were included in our study. Two hundred and seventy-two low and intermediate EEC patients were identified using the European Society for Medical Oncology criteria and confirmed by histopathological examination. Recurrence was reported in 17 of these patients. The study group consisted of patients with relapse. A control group of 51 patients was formed at a ratio of 3:1 according to age, stage, and grade, similar to that in the study group. Of the 17 patients with recurrent disease, 13 patients (76.5%) were Stage 1A, and 4 patients (23.5%) were Stage 1B. No significant difference was found in age, stage, and grade between the case and control groups (p > 0.05). Body mass index, parity, tumor size, lower uterine segment involvement, SqD, and Ki-67 index with p<0.25 in the univariate logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Ki-67 was statistically significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.018); however, there was no statistical significance in SqD and other parameters. Our data suggest that the Ki-67 index rather than SqD needs to be assessed for recurrence in patients with low- and intermediate-risk EEC