Stellar activity cycles in a model for magnetic flux generation and transport

We present results from a model for magnetic flux generation and transport in cool stars and a qualitative comparison of models with observations. The method combines an alpha-omega dynamo at the base of the convection zone, buoyant rise of magnetic flux tubes, and a surface flux transport model. Based on a reference model for the Sun, numerical simulations were carried out for model convection zones of G- and K-type main sequence and subgiant stars. We investigate magnetic cycle properties for stars with different rotation periods, convection zone depths, and dynamo strengths. For a Sun-like star with P_rot=9 d, we find that a cyclic dynamo can underly an apparently non-cyclic, 'flat' surface activity, as observed in some stars. For a subgiant K1 star with P_rot=2.8 d the long-term activity variations resemble the multi-periodic cycles observed in V711 Tau, owing to high-latitude flux emergence, weak transport effects and stochastic processes of flux emergence.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of the IAU Symposium 286: Comparative Magnetic Minima: Characterizing Quiet Times in the Sun and Star

Cathars: An Analysis on the Heretic Christian Religious Movement of Balkan Origin Killed By Burning ın the Middle Age of Europe by Catholics

Cathars, a Christian dualist-gnostic order of the Middle Ages, is not known well in our country and has some certain striking features among the religious movement in this cultural area. The Cathars were denounced as heretics due to the mentioned features, and attracted the antagonism of the Churchseverely by their irreconcilable stances in basic dogmas and practices including the perception of God, baptism, Jesus Christ, Holy Virgin, the primordial sin, the Sacred Scripture. Thus, they witnessed the greatest massacres in a manner unprecedently throughout the history. As a result of the attacks of the Papacy and the Inquisition against their leaders as well as their proponents, thousands of their followers were sacrificed. Moreover, the Cathars put their stamp on history as one of the most oppressed societies within the history in consequence of the carnages carried out by a certain Crusade called Albigeois, and they were exterminated by burning at the stake, which indicates the extent of the oppression they witnessed

The Impacts of Agricultural Research and Development Expenditures on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Selected Latin American Countries

The aim of the study is to investigate the impacts of agricultural research and development expenditures on agricultural total factor productivity by using annual panel data set covering 5 selected Latin American countries from 1981 to 2013. In doing so, we use the panel cointegration analysis under cross-section dependence and panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method. At the end of the analysis; there is a cointegration relationship between research and development and total factor productivity in agriculture sector for these selected countries. Also, the elasticity coefficient of agricultural research and development expenditures is 0.58

ELT Materials Evaluation: A System and Criteria

This study aims at proposing a 3-stage materials evaluation system and separate checklists for screening and detailed analysis and testing their effectiveness. The checklists were developed at two stages: First they were developed by 113 trainees as the requirement of the materials evaluation training program and evaluated by 43 ELT teachers. Later both the system and the checklists themselves were piloted and tested in real-life by 11 ELT teachers when adopting ELT materials for their students. The data was collected through 5-point Likert scale questionnaires. The results indicated that the system allows for the quick disqualification of the inappropriate ones and saves enough time to focus on the candidate ones in detail. The checklists themselves are found to be both reliable and valid

Ethical leadership and school effectiveness: The mediating roles of affective commitment and job satisfaction

This study examines how ethical leadership influences school effectiveness via the mediating role of affective commitment and job satisfaction. For this purpose, 306 teachers completed measures of ethical leadership, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and school effectiveness. The results supported the hypothesized positive links of ethical leadership to affective commitment, job satisfaction, and school effectiveness. The results also revealed that work attitudes (i.e., affective commitment and job satisfaction) partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and school effectiveness, indicating both direct and indirect effects of ethical leadership on school effectiveness. In light of these findings, a number of recommendations were given for further research, specifically regarding school administrative research and applications.    

The Relationship Between Perceived Parental Attitude and Life Satisfaction Among University Students

Introduction. The effect of parental attitudes and behaviors in raising their children on the individual’s life has been the subject of numerous studies for many years. There is a strong correlation between parental attitudes and the child’s ability to be satisfied with life. The objective of the research was to determine the relationships between perceived parental attitudes (overprotection, rejection, emotional warmth) and life satisfaction among university students. We investigated whether parental attitudes play a role in predicting life satisfaction among university students, and what role they play. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted from June 2020 to September 2020. Data were collected using Google Forms. Each person consented to anonymously participate in the study and was informed about the objectives of the study being a descriptive one. The population of the study consisted of nursing students enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences. For this purpose, 220 students at the age of 20 to 30 years participated in the study. The assessment battery consisted of Student Demographic Form, the Short-Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (Own Memories of Upbringing), and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Results. There was a significant negative correlation between maternal rejection and life satisfaction among the students. Male students were more likely to perceive their fathers as being disapproving than female students did. These findings were discussed in line with the studies in the related literature. Conclusions. High life satisfaction is a variable that protects young people from risk factors. Therefore, a focus should be placed on increasing life satisfaction among students. Parental attitude is an effective factor for life satisfaction among students. For this reason, it can be said that it would be beneficial to inform families about appropriate parental attitudes to increase their children’s life satisfaction