Spectrophotometric determination of nicradipine and isradipine in pharmaceutical formulations

A sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of some 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds namely, nicardipine and isradipine either in pure form or in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the reduction of nicardipine and isradipine with zinc powder and calcium chloride followed by further reduction with sodium pentacyanoaminoferrate (II) to give violet and red products having the absorbance maximum at 546 and 539 nm with nicardipine and isradipine, respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range 8.0–180 μg/ml with the detection limit of 1.67 μg/ml for nicardipine and 8.0–110 μg/ml with the detection limit of 1.748 μg/ml for isradipine. The analytical parameters and their effects on the reported methods were investigated. The molar absorptivity, quantization limit, standard deviation of intercept (Sa), standard deviation of slope (Sb) and standard deviation of the residuals (Sy/x) were calculated. The composition of the result compounds were found 1:1 for nicardipine and 1:2 for isradipine by Job’s method and the conditional stability constant (Kf) and the free energy changes (ΔG) were calculated for compounds formed. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of nicardipine and isradipine in their dosage forms. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained using the reference or official methods. A proposal of the reaction pathway was presented

Improving Reading Ability Using Big Book Media in Class I Students at SDN 2 Bulango Utara

This research aimed to improve reading skills using Big Book media for grade 1 students at SDN 2 Bulango Utara. The type of research used is classroom action research, with the research subject being a grade I student totaling 27 students. This research was carried out in the form of cycles, and each cycle consisted of 4 stages, namely the planning stage, the implementation stage, the observation, and the reflection stages. This research shows that students’ reading ability in Indonesian language subjects is still in the low category. This is indicated by the low reading ability of students at the time of the initial observation reaching 37.03% with capable criteria, and the reading ability of students in cycle I of 62.96% in capable criteria with a fairly good category, while the reading ability of students in cycle II increased by 100% with very good categories in capable criteria. The application of Big Book learning media can improve students’ reading skills in class I at SDN 2 Bulango Utara, Bone Bolango Regency. The achievement of providing action from cycle I to cycle II researchers ended the meeting in cycle II third meeting because it had met the predetermined performance indicators of 80%

The Nature of Barrenness in the Hebrew Bible

Explores some of the nuances of barrenness as disability in the Hebrew Bible, with the fundamental question in mind: what can we know from the biblical material about the reality of barrenness, and the treatment of barren women, in ancient Israel