22,358 research outputs found
Recognition of conspecific odours by laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) does not show context specificity.
Recognition of conspecific odours by laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) does not show context specificity
The quiet life hypothesis in banking : evidence from German savings banks
The "quiet life hypothesis (QLH)" posits that banks enjoy the advantages of market power in terms of foregone revenues or cost savings. We suggest a unified approach to measure competition and efficiency simultaneously to test this hypothesis. We estimate bank-specific Lerner indices as measures of competition and test if cost and profit efficiency are negatively related to market power in the case of German savings banks.We find that both market power and average revenues declined among these banks between 1996 and 2006. While we find clear evidence supporting the QLH, estimated effects of the QLH are small from an economical perspective
Positively curved GKM-manifolds
Let T be a torus of dimension at least k and M a T-manifold. M is a
GKM_k-manifold if the action is equivariantly formal, has only isolated fixed
points, and any k weights of the isotropy representation in the fixed points
are linearly independent. In this paper we compute the cohomology rings with
real and integer coefficients of GKM_3- and GKM_4-manifolds which admit
invariant metrics of positive sectional curvature.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures. Final version, to appear in IMR
Long-time dynamics of spontaneous parametric down-conversion and quantum limitations of conversion efficiency
We analyze the long-time quantum dynamics of degenerate parametric
down-conversion from an initial sub-harmonic vacuum (spontaenous
down-conversion). Standard linearization of the Heisenberg equations of motions
fails in this case, since it is based on an expansion around an unstable
classical solution and neglects pump depletion. Introducing a mean-field
approximation we find a periodic exchange of energy between the pump and
subharmonic mode goverened by an anharmonic pendulum equation. From this
equation the optimum interaction time or crystal length for maximum conversion
can be determined. A numerical integration of the 2-mode Schr"odinger equation
using a dynamically optimized basis of displaced and squeezed number states
verifies the characteristic times predicted by the mean-field approximation. In
contrast to semiclassical and mean-field predictions it is found that quantum
fluctuations of the pump mode lead to a substantial limitation of the
efficiency of parametric down-conversion.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Unequal Crossover Dynamics in Discrete and Continuous Time
We analyze a class of models for unequal crossover (UC) of sequences
containing sections with repeated units that may differ in length. In these,
the probability of an `imperfect' alignment, in which the shorter sequence has
d units without a partner in the longer one, scales like q^d as compared to
`perfect' alignments where all these copies are paired. The class is
parameterized by this penalty factor q. An effectively infinite population size
and thus deterministic dynamics is assumed. For the extreme cases q=0 and q=1,
and any initial distribution whose moments satisfy certain conditions, we prove
the convergence to one of the known fixed points, uniquely determined by the
mean copy number, in both discrete and continuous time. For the intermediate
parameter values, the existence of fixed points is shown.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure; to appear in J. Math. Bio
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