A UTILIZAÇÃO DAS FERRAMENTAS VIRTUAIS DA WEB 2.0 NA FORMAÇÃO DO HISTORIADOR

The research aims to discuss the use of virtual tools of web 2.0 in the classroom degree course in history.For this, we discuss the pedagogical concepts of teaching and the use of media in the areas of traditional and innovative teaching, through the works of Litwin (2001) and Behar (2009).We analyzed the models proposed by Jonassen (2006), for the construction of collaborative knowledge through the use of Information Technologies and Communication - ICTs and conducted an experience report on the use of digital technologies, specifically the virtual web tools, by historian teaching in the undergraduate degree in history.To conduct the research chose an college, private network and monitor the use of the virtual tool applied in three subjects in the course of history.In reporting experience we realized that the teacher applies the collaborative method of learning, contributing to building the problem-solving and critical historical knowledge.A pesquisa tem como objetivo problematizar a utilização das ferramentas virtuais da web 2.0 no curso presencial de licenciatura em história. Para isso, discutimos as concepções pedagógicas de ensino e a utilização das mídias, nas vertentes de ensino tradicional e inovador, através das obras de Litwin (2001) e Behar (2009). Analisamos os modelos propostos por Jonassen (2006), para a construção do conhecimento colaborativo, através do uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunição – TIC's e realizamos um relato de experiência, sobre a utilização das tecnologias digitais, especificamente as ferramentas virtuais da web, pelo docente historiador no curso de licenciatura em história. Para execução da pesquisa escolhemos uma Instituição de Ensino Superior – IES, da rede privada e acompanhamos a utilização da ferramenta virtual aplicada em três disciplinas do curso de história. No relato de experiência percebemos que o docente aplica o método colaborativo de aprendizagem, contribuindo para construção do conhecimento histórico critico e problematizador

Analise potencial de catalisador tipo perovskita via métodos úmidos para conversão de COV’S/ Potential analysis of perovskita type catalyst via wet methods for COV'S conversion

O protocolo de Kyoto foi criado para amenizar as emissões de gases poluentes e assim seus impactos. Visando o cumprimento de metas impostas, esse trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo a preparação e caracterização do catalizador automotivo via métodos químicos úmidos. Foram realizadas caracterizações por técnica de difração de raios-x (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). O DRX indica que a rota gelatina obteve fase única a 700ºC, enquanto que, pechini em sua menor temperatura de calcinação obteve fases secundárias. MEV aponta para ambos dos métodos temperaturas com material poroso e homogêneo e os resultados obtidos do FTIR confirmaram a formação da cerâmica tipo perovskita catalítica segundo a literatura, entretanto, o método gelatina apresenta bandas de maior intensidade a 700ºC em relação ao método pechini. Segundo o estudo em relação aos métodos trabalhados o mais atrativo para empresas aplicarem o catalizador por sua questão econômica e eficiência é o método gelatina

The National Common Core Curriculum: disputes around the curricular selection for the teaching of History

A pesquisa analisou o processo de definição do conhecimento selecionado como relevante nos documentos curriculares da disciplina de História. Para isso, identificamos as disputas em torno do conhecimento a ser selecionado para o Ensino de História durante o processo de elaboração da BNCC, reconhecemos como elas se relacionam ao debate sobre esse tema em contextos anteriores à Base e por fim, identificamos e discutimos as permanências e mudanças nas escolhas curriculares operadas no período em análise. Os objetivos foram alcançados por meio da análise documental dos ofícios encaminhados ao CNE e produzidos pela ANPUH, UNDIME, ANPEd e Movimento pela Base, pela análise bibliográfica das produções acadêmicas sobre currículo e Ensino de História, publicadas no período de 2000 a 2017 e por fim, através da análise do Parecer CNE/CP no 15/2017, e da versão final da BNCC, no trecho que se refere ao Ensino Fundamental anos finais. A triangulação dos dados identificou mudanças curriculares em relação ao conhecimento da disciplina. A primeira mudança é o deslocamento, da ênfase no conhecimento disciplinar para as competências socioemocionais expressas nas habilidades, atitudes e valores afirmados na BNCC. A segunda mudança é o deslocamento da atenção do processo de ensino para o de aprendizagem. Dessa forma, concluímos que as vozes silenciadas divergiram das escolhas curriculares e dos movimentos de deslocamento antes referidos, alinhados aos interesses do contexto político-econômico. As vozes efetivamente ouvidas, coerentes com esses deslocamentos, são legitimadas e alinhadas aos posicionamentos de entidades internacionais do capital neoliberal. Diante do exposto, consideramos que a pesquisa contribui para ampliar os elementos que embasam as reflexões sobre o Conhecimento Histórico Escolar nos debates da História Social do Currículo, e também com a apresentação de uma forma de analisar o conhecimento histórico escolar, conferindo atenção a aspectos diversos na leitura de fontes distintas: a justificativa para a presença do componente no currículo escolar; a fundamentação teórica escolhida para os documentos, no campo das correntes historiográficas; os conceitos estruturantes selecionados para a disciplina; a organização do conhecimento; os temas e conteúdos historiográficos e os processos metodológicos da investigação histórica. A pesquisa proporciona, assim, elementos para a leitura crítica da versão final da BNCC História e para futuras seleções curriculares, discutindo seus possíveis avanços e limitações.The research analyzed the process of defining the knowledge selected as relevant in the curricular documents of the discipline of History. For that, we identified the disputes around the knowledge to be selected for teaching History during the process of elaborating BNCC. We recognized how it relates to the debate on this topic in contexts prior to this document and finally, we identified and discussed the permanences and changes in the curricular choices made in the analyzed context. The aims were achieved through the documental analysis of the official texts forwarded to the CNE and produced by ANPUH, ANDIME, ANPEd and Movimento pela Base, through the bibliographic analysis of the academic production about curriculum and History teaching published in the period from 2000 to 2017. Ultimately, we developed the analysis of the Parecer CNE/CP no 15/2017 and the BNCCs final version in the section that refers to Elementary school final grades. The triangulation of data identified curricular changes tied to the disciplines knowledge. The first change is the displacement from the emphasis in the disciplinary knowledge to the socioemotional competences expressed in skills, attitudes and values stated in BNCC. The second change is the attentions displacement from the teaching process to the learning process. Thus, we concluded that the silenced voices diverged from the curricular choices and the displacement moviments, aligned to the interests of the political-economic context. The voices effectively heard, consistent with these displacements, are legitimized and aligned to the statements of the international entities of the neoliberal capital. From that, we considered that the research contributes to expand the elements that base the reflections about the School History Knowledge on debates of Social History Curriculum. Furthermore, we introduced a way to analyze the school history knowledge by putting attention on several aspects on distincts sources such as the justification for the presence of the component in the schools curriculum; the theoretical foundation chosen for the documents in the historiographic currents field; the structuring concepts selected to be taught; the organization of knowledge; the historiographic subjects and contents and the methodological processes of the historical investigation. The research thus provides elements for the critical reading of the final version of BNCC History and for future curricular selections, discussing its possible advances and limitations

An Accurate, Affordable, and Precise Resazurin-Based Digital Imaging Colorimetric Assay for the Assessment of Fungicide Sensitivity Status of Fungal Populations

This study aimed at the development and validation of an accurate, more affordable, and precise digital imaging resazurin-based fungicide sensitivity colorimetric assay (COL-assay) for fungal plant pathogens from the genera Mycosphaerella and Pyricularia. This proposed digital imaging assay was based on colorimetric estimates of resazurin reduction, which was used as a metabolic indicator of fungal respiration activity on microplate cultures. As fungal model systems, we used the yellow and black Sigatoka pathogens [Mycosphaerella musicola (Mm) and M. fijiensis (Mf), respectively] and the wheat blast pathogen, Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl), which were previously characterized for QoI, DMI, and SDHI fungicide sensitivity. We then compared the classical spectrophotometry detection assay (SPEC-assay) with the proposed COL-assay based on the analyses of digital images of the microplates’ cultures captured with mobile phone cameras on a handmade trans-illuminator built for poorly equipped labs. Qualitatively, in terms of accuracy, there was full correspondence between the SPEC-assay and the COL-assay according to the fungal EC50 or the relative growth classes on QoI, SDHI, and DMI fungicides for both Mycosphaerella and Pyricularia pathogens. We also observed a strong to very strong correlation coefficient between the COL-assay and the SPEC-assay fungicide sensitivity values for the QoI azoxystrobin, the SDHI fluxapyroxad, and the DMI tebuconazole. Our conclusion was that the COL-assay had a similar accuracy as the SPEC-assay (i.e., resulted in similar fungicide-sensitivity categories for both resistant or sensitive fungal isolates) and high precision. By openly sharing here the COL-assay’s full methodology, and the blueprints of the handmade trans-illuminator, we foresee its adoption by poorly equipped labs throughout the country as an affordable venue for monitoring the fungicide resistance status of populations of important fungal plant pathogens such as M. fijiensis, M. musicola, and P. oryzae Triticum and Oryza lineages

Efflux Pumps and Multidrug-Resistance in Pyricularia oryzae Triticum Lineage

Widespread resistance to QoIs, DMI and SDHIs fungicides has been reported for Brazilian populations of the wheat blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl). A pre-existing resistance mechanism not associated with target site mutations has been indicated for resistance to DMIs and SDHIs, with strong indication that PoTl has multidrugresistance (MDR). Therefore, the main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that resistance to DMI and SDHI fungicides detected in PoTl was due to efflux pump mediated MDR mechanism(s) by characterizing the sensitivity to antifungal efflux pump substrates. Four antifungal substrates were tested: tolnaftate (TOL), cycloheximide (CHX), rhodamine 6G (RH6G) and triphenyltin chloride (TPCL). TPCL and RH6G were considered the most relevant indicators for enhanced MDR activity. Among the 16 PoTl isolates tested, 9 were insensitive to TPCL, 1 to TOL, 16 to RH6G and 1 to CHX. The PoTl isolates were grouped into four distinct multidrug resistance phenotypes (MDRPs) based on resistance to combinations of fungicides and antifungal efflux pump substrates. Insensitivity to TPCL, RH6G and or TOL correlated well with DMI insensitivity, but MDR was not associated with SDHI resistance. The identification of multiple MDRP phenotypes associated with DMI resistance in our study warrants further research aimed at revealing the exact mechanisms of multidrug resistance in the wheat blast pathogen, including efflux pumps overexpression via transcriptomic analyses of differentially expressed genes; identification and discovery of mutations associated with changes in promoter regions or transcription factors of efflux transporters associated with multidrug resistance

Potential of Pseudomonas and Trichoderma from the Brazilian Amazon as Biocontrol Agents against the Wheat Blast Disease

Blast is one of the most significant wheat diseases, causing high yield losses in susceptible varieties under favorable conditions in Latin America, Southeastern Asia and Eastern Africa. The disease is caused by the ascomycetous fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl). Chemical control with fungicides has been used as a management strategy; however, the effectiveness of the major classes of high-risk site-specific systemic fungicides has been reduced due to the widespread prevalence of resistance, especially in Brazil. Biological control is seen as a highly important and sustainable strategy to minimize the impact of yield losses associated with wheat blast in areas where fungicides are ineffective. In our study, we specifically aimed to determine the biological control potential of the three isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas and three of Trichoderma as the antagonists of PoTl, both in in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, we aimed to describe the ultrastructural interactions among the biocontrol agents and the pathogen in vitro by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fluorescent P. wayambapalatensis ‘Amana’ or Pseudomonas sp. nov. ‘Yara’, both from the P. putida group, and Trichoderma koningiopsis ‘Cachara’ significantly reduced PoTl in vitro mycelial growth and the blast disease severity on wheat plants. The SEM analyses revealed ultrastructural antagonistic mechanisms: biofilm formation, direct antagonism and mycoparasitism. Further research on the topic should include the development of stable formulations of the Pseudomonas- and Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents selected in our study for managing the wheat blast disease and the field tests of the biofungicide formulations obtained thereafter

Potential of <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> from the Brazilian Amazon as Biocontrol Agents against the Wheat Blast Disease

Blast is one of the most significant wheat diseases, causing high yield losses in susceptible varieties under favorable conditions in Latin America, Southeastern Asia and Eastern Africa. The disease is caused by the ascomycetous fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl). Chemical control with fungicides has been used as a management strategy; however, the effectiveness of the major classes of high-risk site-specific systemic fungicides has been reduced due to the widespread prevalence of resistance, especially in Brazil. Biological control is seen as a highly important and sustainable strategy to minimize the impact of yield losses associated with wheat blast in areas where fungicides are ineffective. In our study, we specifically aimed to determine the biological control potential of the three isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas and three of Trichoderma as the antagonists of PoTl, both in in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, we aimed to describe the ultrastructural interactions among the biocontrol agents and the pathogen in vitro by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fluorescent P. wayambapalatensis ‘Amana’ or Pseudomonas sp. nov. ‘Yara’, both from the P. putida group, and Trichoderma koningiopsis ‘Cachara’ significantly reduced PoTl in vitro mycelial growth and the blast disease severity on wheat plants. The SEM analyses revealed ultrastructural antagonistic mechanisms: biofilm formation, direct antagonism and mycoparasitism. Further research on the topic should include the development of stable formulations of the Pseudomonas- and Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents selected in our study for managing the wheat blast disease and the field tests of the biofungicide formulations obtained thereafter