Oxidative Stress and Vascular Diseases: Effect of Physical Exercise

Investigations have shown that worldwide the vascular diseases are considered independent risk factors for an increased mortality. Despite these diseases being related to factors such as sedentary lifestyle, poor diet and stress, the oxidative stress been the which most strongly explained the genesis of these vascular diseases. In this sense, the body of evidence involving an analysis and understanding of the factors and preventive variables of these diseases available in the literature is necessary. Considering this, we aimed to available information about the role of the oxidants and antioxidants enzymes in the prevention or causes of vascular diseases, and how the physical exercise can prevent the development of these vascular diseases. It was observed that endothelin-1 is an important oxidant involved in the atherosclerotic process, while the hydrogen sulfide and glutathione peroxidase have an antioxidant role. About the physical exercise, there is greater production of oxidants, however, as a mechanism of compensation, there is also greater production and release of antioxidants such as nitric oxide and glutathiones after some sessions when compared with the baseline. We conclude that the stress oxidative is involved in the vascular disease and the physical exercise could be used like prevention

CONCENTRADO DE MELANCIA (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad): ACEITAÇÃO SENSORIAL, PARÂMETROS MICROBIOLÓGICOS, FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS E DETERMINAÇÃO DE FITONUTRIENTES

Objetivou-se elaborar concentrado de melancia e determinar a aceitação sensorial, os parâmetros microbiológicos, físico-químicos e os fitonutrientes do produto. A polpa e a entrecasca foram trituradas e homogeneizadas para aplicação de tratamento térmico até a obtenção do concentrado. Adicionou-se gelatina sem sabor de coloração vermelha em uma parte do concentrado. As amostras foram resfriadas e acondicionadas em temperatura de refrigeração. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas e sensoriais do concentrado de melancia e do concentrado acrescido de gelatina. A partir dessas análises, selecionou-se o concentrado puro para determinação dos parâmetros físico-químicos e do screening fitoquímico, comparando-o à fruta in natura. Ambos os concentrados apresentaram qualidade microbiológica em conformidade com a legislação brasileira vigente. O concentrado sem adição de gelatina foi selecionado para as demais análises por apresentar boa aceitação e as maiores notas nos atributos cor, sabor, sabor residual e textura. Quando comparado à fruta in natura, o concentrado apresentou menor percentual de umidade, proteína, pectina e acidez. Entretanto, o tratamento térmico concentrou os carboidratos e as cinzas (23,99 % e 1,03 %, respectivamente) aumentando seu valor calórico de 28,05 para 104,86 Kcal. Comprovou-se a viabilidade de produção do concentrado de melancia, cujo princípio ativo está baseado em esteroides e flavonoides. Deve-se considerar a ampla disponibilidade da fruta, suas características sensoriais, nutricionais e a presença de compostos fitoquímicos com propriedades antioxidantes. Esse produto, além de apresentar maior vida-de-prateleira em relação à fruta in natura, representa opção de alimento funcional necessário à dieta saudável

Single Dose of Dietary Supplement Nutrex Lipo-6 Black® Limits the Post Exercise Hypotension Induced by Aerobic Exercise in Young Adults

Objective: to evaluate the blood pressure (BP) behavior and sympathetic activity in response to an aerobic exercise session after taking a dose of Nutrex Lipo-6 Black®. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled study utilized seventeen subjects, divided in supplementation (n=10, 26.5±5.3 years) and placebo groups (n=7, 22.4±2.8 years). They ingested a dose of Nutrex Lipo-6 Black® (containing synephrine, caffeine, yohimbine and diiodine) or placebo and underwent a session of 40min of aerobic exercise of moderate intensity. Heart rate (HR), BP and cardiac autonomic balance (measured by heart rate variability) (CANA) were monitored at baseline, 30min after supplementation, at the end of the exercise and every 10min during a recovery period of 30min. Results: After 30min of intake, Nutrex Lipo-6 Black® and placebo groups exhibited HR, BP and CANA similar to each other and in relation to the pre-supplementation moment. At the end of the exercise all variables showed a rise in relation to rest, but without statistical difference between groups (p>0,05). Moreover, at 30min of recovery, the Nutrex Lipo-6 Black® group presented with diastolic hypertensive response (increase of 4.2 mmHg) and a discrete post-exercise hypotension only to systolic pressure (-0.2 mmHg) relative to the pre-supplementation, while the placebo group showed evident both systolic and diastolic hypotension (-6.3 and -0.5 mmHg, respectively). HR and CANA were similar to pre-supplementation at this time. Conclusion: single dose of Nutrex Lipo-6 Black® is able to limit the benefits of an exercise session in reducing BP, even without affecting the resting conditions of BP and CANA

Prevalência de uso de recursos ergogênicos em praticantes de musculação na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba

Este artigo determina a prevalência e o perfil dos usuários de Esteroides Anabólicos Androgênicos (EAAs) e Suplementos Alimentares (SAs) da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba (PB). Os dados foram coletados por questionário estruturado. Foram analisados 510 sujeitos (24,9±6,2 anos), sendo 79,4% (n=405) do sexo masculino. A prevalência de uso de EAAs e SAs foi de 20,6% (n=105) e 55,5% (n=283), respectivamente. Os usuários eram majoritariamente homens, jovens, com baixa escolaridade e que treinavam havia mais de quatro anos com frequência de cinco vezes por semana. Esses dados demonstram que há elevada prevalência de uso de EAAs e SAs por parte de praticantes de atividade física em academias na cidade analisada

Tai-chi-chuan and yoga onpostexercise hypotension: comparison to aerobic and resistance exercise

Introduction: Tai-Chi-Chuan and Yoga have becoming popular practices. However is unclear the cardiovascular effects, and if they present similar behavior to aerobic and resistance sessions. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular responses during the session and post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of Tai Chi Chuan (TS) and Yoga (YS) in comparison to aerobic (AS) and resistance (SR) exercises. Methods: Fourteen young women (22.3 ± 2 years) apparently healthy performed four sessions (AS, RS, TS and YS). The heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded at resting, during (every 10 minutes) and until 50 minutes of recovery. Results: AS, RS, TS e YS showed significant increase in HR compared to resting. AS at 10, 30 e 50 minutes in relation to RS, TS e YS. The RS in relation to TS and YS at 10, 30 and 50 minutes. No significant difference between TS and YS. SBP was significantly increased in AS, RS, TS e YS at 10, 30 e 50 minutes during the session, in relation to rest. AS was significantly higher at 30 e 50 minutes than RS and higher than TS and YS at 10, 30 e 50 minutes. No significant difference in DBP. For PEH, AS, RS and TS significantly reduced at 10, 30 and 50 minutes. YS reduced at 50 minutes. No significant diastolic PEH. Conclusion: TS and YS showed as safe alternatives of exercising in the normotensive young adult woman, despite having lower values, they promote similar hemodynamic behavior to AS and RS

CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES DECREMENT OF PERFORMANCE IN OVERTRAINED RATS

Although carbohydrate ingestion at the end of single exercises is recognized to delays fatigue and accelerates recovery, if chronic ingestion can prevent overtraining during periods of intense training is something not yet elucidated. The present study aimed to determine whether carbohydrate supplementation minimize overtraining in Wistar rats. The animals underwent 11 weeks of training (running) on a treadmill, and the last 3 weeks were designed to induce overtraining. One group was supplemented with carbohydrates (EX-CHO; n=13), one group had no supplementation (EX; n=10), and another group remained inactive (C; n=9). Performance tests (Pr) were given before training (Pr1) and at the 8th (Pr2) and 11th training week (Pr3). Food intake, body weight, testosterone, cortisol, malondialdehyde, creatine kinase (CK) and activities of PI3-K, Akt-1, mTOR and GSK-3 enzymes were measured. In the EX group, there was a significant 32.6% performance decrease at Pr3 compared to Pr2. Additionally, at protocol completion, the EX-CHO group had a greater gastrocnemius weight than the C group (p=0.02), which did not occur in the EX group. Training caused anorexia, decreased testosterone (p=0.001) and increased malondialdehyde (p=0.009) in both exercise groups compared to C, without an influence of carbohydrate supplementation on these variables (p>0.05). The activity of Akt-1 was higher in the EX-CHO group but not the EX group compared to the C group (p=0.013). Carbohydrate supplementation promoted an attenuation in the performance decrement and maintained gastrocnemius muscle mass in animals that had undergone overtraining protocols, which was accompanied by increased activity of the Akt-1 molecular indicator.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Tai-chi-chuan and yoga onpostexercise hypotension: comparison to aerobic and resistance exercise

Abstract Introduction: Tai-Chi-Chuan and Yoga have becoming popular practices. However is unclear the cardiovascular effects, and if they present similar behavior to aerobic and resistance sessions. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular responses during the session and post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of Tai Chi Chuan (TS) and Yoga (YS) in comparison to aerobic (AS) and resistance (SR) exercises. Methods: Fourteen young women (22.3 ± 2 years) apparently healthy performed four sessions (AS, RS, TS and YS). The heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded at resting, during (every 10 minutes) and until 50 minutes of recovery. Results: AS, RS, TS e YS showed significant increase in HR compared to resting.AS at 10, 30 e 50 minutes in relation to RS, TS e YS. The RS in relation to TS and YS at 10, 30 and 50 minutes. No significant difference between TS and YS. SBP was significantly increased in AS, RS, TS e YS at 10, 30 e 50 minutes during the session, in relation to rest. AS was significantly higher at 30 e 50 minutes than RS and higher than TS and YS at 10, 30 e 50 minutes. No significant difference in DBP. For PEH, AS, RS and TS significantly reduced at 10, 30 and 50 minutes. YS reduced at 50 minutes. No significant diastolic PEH. Conclusion: TS and YS showed as safe alternatives of exercising in the normotensive young adult woman, despite having lower values, they promote similar hemodynamic behavior to AS and RS

BALLNESS É TÃO EFICAZ QUANTO IOGA NA PROMOÇÃO DE FLEXIBILIDADE EM MULHERES DE MEIA IDADE

Introdução: A incorporação da prática de modalidades alternativas de exercício para promoção da flexibilidade é cada vez mais comum. Estudos demonstram associação entre índices de flexibilidade e qualidade de vida. Neste contexto, a ioga e o ballness surgem como ferramentas capazes de aumentar a flexibilidade dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Comparar os níveis de flexibilidade da flexão do tronco de mulheres de meia idade praticantes de ballness e de ioga. Métodos: 24 mulheres de meia idade foram voluntariamente selecionadas. Foram divididas em três grupos (n=8/grupo): controle (C) (48,87±2,80anos), ballness (B) (48,62±5,63anos) e ioga (I) (49,12±5,48anos). Para inclusão no estudo, os sujeitos de (B) e (I) deveriam ser praticantes a seis meses da modalidade, com frequência mínima de 2 sessões/semana. Ademais, toda amostra deveria estar isenta de lesão na região lombo sacra, no quadril e na musculatura dos membros inferiores. A flexibilidade foi mensurada utilizando o banco de Wells, utilizando o post hoc de Tukey para comparação entre tratamentos (p<0,05). Resultados: A flexibilidade dos grupos exercícios (B e I) demonstrou-se maior que a do grupo (C) (p<0,05 para (I) e p<0,001 para (B)), sendo a média da distância alcançada em (B) foi de 37,1±6,0cm contra 32,1±6,1cm de (I) e 20,5±3,1cm de (C), sem diferenças entre (B) e (I). Adicionalmente, no teste de “sentar e alcançar”, os sujeitos dos grupos (B) e (I) apresentaram prevalência do nível “bom” de 37% e 37,5%, respectivamente, enquanto que ninguém de (C) mostrou-se nessa condição. Conclusões: A prática regular de ballness e de ioga em mulheres de meia idade são suficientes para promover maior flexibilidade em comparação às sedentárias.

Bioenergia: desenvolvimento, pesquisa e inovação

Com 27 trabalhos produzidos por pesquisadores do Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia (Bioen), da Unesp, este livro oferece uma ampla visão sobre as áreas que compõem o segmento. Seu principal objetivo é contribuir para melhorar a compreensão dos vários aspectos da bioenergia, em especial no Brasil, que figura entre os países com maior nível de desenvolvimento tecnológico no setor. Os artigos abordam uma série abrangente de questões relacionadas à bioenergia, como a construção genética das plantas de cana-de-açúcar visando ao aumento de produtividade, a disseminação de sementes para estimular a propagação de espécies com potencial energético, etapas de produção de bioenergia, usos do combustível e seus efeitos nos diversos tipos de motores. Agrupados por assunto, os textos estão distribuídos em cinco partes: Biomassa para bioenergia; Produção de biocombustíveis; Utilização de bioenergia; Biorrefinaria, alcoolquímica e oleoquímica e Sustentabilidade dos biocombustíveis