IMMUNOMODULATING PROPERTIES OF THE PLANT GLUCANS AT EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNODEPRESSION

Установлена иммуномодулирующая активность полисахаридов из аира болотного, астрагала перепончатого, софоры желтоватой, зопника клубненосного, шлемника байкальского, кардамона настоящего, имбиря лекарственного при азатиоприновой иммуносупрессии. Показана зависимость степени выраженности иммуномодулирующей активности полисахаридов от. их структуры: чем. больше степень разветвления, тем выше активность

Correction of morphofunctional changes in mice thymus and spleen by Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. extract at cyclophosphamide immunosupression

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of R. uniflorum dry extract on morphofunctional state of mice thymus and spleen at cyclophosphamide immunosuppression.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on F1 (CBAxC57Bl/6) mice 18–20 g of weight. Immune deficiency was simulated by a single intraperitoneal introduction of cyclophosphamide in the dose 250 mg/kg. R. uniflorum dry extract in the dose 100 mg/kg was administered per os for 14 days. The thymus and spleen were fixed for histological studies on day 16. The thymus total area, the cortex and medulla area, the connective tissue capsule thickness, the spleen white and red pulp area were used to measure on micropreparations stained with hematoxylineosin and azure-eosin. The cell density and the cellular composition were calculated in the thymus cortical substance.Results. The R. uniflorum extract increased the thymus total area and the corticomedullary index by 37 and 26 % (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. The cells density increased in the cortical substance, it decreased in the medulla, as a result “layer inversion” is not observed in any animal of the experimental group. The number of proliferating lymphocytes, blasts and large lymphocytes increased; the number of destructive cells and macrophages decreased in the cortical substance. The spleen white pulp relative volume was 39 % higher than in the control.Conclusions. The R. uniflorum dry extract had an immunocorrective effect on the thymus and spleen morphofunctional state at cyclophosphamid immunosuppression

Studying of the anti-ischemic action of <I>Rhaponticum uniflorum</I> and <I>Serratula centauroides</I> dry extracts on a model of bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries

The aim of the study to evaluate the anti-ischemic effect of Serratula centauroides and Rhaponticum uniflorum dry extracts for bilateral carotid artery occlusion.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 77 Wistar rats. Rh. uniflorum and S. centauroides dry extracts at doses 50, 100, 200 mg/kg were administered intragastrically for 14 days prior to bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. To assess the anti-ischemic effect of the investigated agents, the total mortality, the dynamics of survival, the survival time, the animals’ neurological status were determined using a modified McGraw scale and the brain hydration degree.Results. S. centauroides at a dose 200 mg/kg reduced the percentage of animals’ death by 2.8 times (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the control. Life expectancy in animals treated with S. centauroides at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg and Rh. uniflorum at dose 100  mg/kg increased by 46, 52 and 64  %, respectively, compared to the control. The neurological deficit lowest severity was observed in animals treated with S. centauroides at dose 200 mg/kg. The most pronounced statistically significant decrease in the brain hydration level was observed in animals treated with Rh.  uniflorum at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg and S. centauroides at dose 100 mg/kg.Conclusion. S. centauroides and Rh. uniflorum dry extracts have an anti-ischemic effect in cerebral ischemia

Effect of individual substances isolated from Silene jeniseensis Willd on the state of the main links of immunity at experimental immune deficiency

Introduction. The search, development and introduction of new drugs with an immunotropic effect are one of the priority tasks of modern immunopharmacology. Numerous studies have proven the immunotropic activity of individual substances isolated from medicinal plants (flavonoids, polysaccharides, ecdysteroids, terpenoids, etc.). In the present study, it is of interest to determine the immunomodulatory effect of individual substances isolated from Silene jeniseensis Willd.The aim of the study. Determination of the immunomodulatory activity of individual substances isolated from Silene jeniseensis: flavonoid isoorientin-2”-O-rhamnoside, polysaccharide arabino-3.6-galactan and ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone under conditions of cyclophosphamide induced experimental immunosuppression.Methods. Experiments were carried out on F1 (CBAxC57Bl/6) mice. Immunodeficiency was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide to control group animals in the dose 250 mg/kg once. Experimental groups of mice received the test substances intragastrically once a day for 14 days against the background of immunosuppression in the following doses: isoorientin-2”-O-rhamnoside – 10 mg/ kg, arabino-3.6-galactan – 3 mg/kg, 20-hydroxyecdysone – 3 mg/kg. The effect of substances on cellular immunity was determined in a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, humoral immunity was determined in an antibody formation reaction by local hemolysis according to A.J. Cunningham. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was studied in relation to colloidal ink particles.Results. With the introduction of isoorientin-2”-O-rhamnoside, arabino-3.6-galactan and 20-hydroxyecdysone in experimental animals, there was an increase in the index of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by 1.3–1.4 times, the absolute and relative number of antibody-forming cells by 1.4–1.7 times, phagocytic index by 1.2–1.5 times compared with the data in the control group, which indicates the leveling of the suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on cell-mediated immune response, antibody genesis and phagocytosis of macrophages.Conclusion. Isoorientin-2”-O-rhamnoside and arabino-3.6-galactan have the most pronounced immunomodulatory effect. The obtained data allow us to consider the studied substances as promising plant immunomodulators

Accumulation dynamics of phenolic compounds in the aboveground organs of Euphrasia pectinata Ten., growing in the Central Siberia

A plant of the Euphrasia L. genus is promising to be introduced into medical practice and being used in traditional medicine for eye, gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract disease treatment. Euphrasia pectinata Ten is widespread and growing abundantly in the Central Siberia. Study of the composition and quantitative content of phenolic compounds of Euphrasia pectinata Ten. growing in Irkutsk Region was studied by HpLC method. Organ-specific distribution and dynamics of accumulation depending on the phase of vegetation of 8 compounds (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid(chlorogenicacid), hyperozide, acteoside, cynaroside, diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, dihydroquercetin, luteolin, quercetin) were studied. The maximum of flavonoid glycosides is accumulated in flowers and leaves, and the maximum of flavonoid aglycone is accumulated in stems. The maximum quantity of flavonoids in aboveground organs is observed in the flowering period, and maximum of phenylethanoid acteoside is observed in the fruiting period. Thus, as a medicinal plant, the materials can be recommended for harvesting of the aboveground organs E. pectinata during the flowering period

Гастропротективное влияние Ferulopsis hystrix (Bunge) Pimenov при экспериментальной этаноловой гастропатии

The aim of the study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of dry extracts from the roots and rhizomes of Ferulopsis hystrix in ethanol-induced gastropathy.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 68 white Wistar rats. Ethanol-induced gastropathy was simulated by a single intragastric administration of ethanol in the dose of 10 ml/kg. Animals of the experimental groups received medicinal forms from the roots and rhizomes of F. hystrix: I – decoction in a volume of 10 ml/kg; II–V – dry extracts in the dose of 200 mg/kg, obtained by extraction with purified water, 30, 40 and 70% ethanol, respectively; VI – dry extract, prepared by double extraction with 40% and single extraction with 30% ethanol for 7 days before the modeling of gastropathy. Number of structural changes was determined in the gastric mucosa. They were differentiated into small, large, and strip-like erosions. The Pauls’ index was calculated for structural changes. Pathomorphological studies of the stomach were carried out.Results. The total number of structural changes in the stomach of animals in experimental groups I, II, IV and V is 44% lower on average, in experimental group III it is 67% lower and in experimental group VI it is 3.6 times lower than in the control. The Pauls’ index for large erosions in experimental groups I–V is 38–75% lower, in experimental group VI it is 83% lower than the index in the control animals. No strip-like erosions are detected in animals of experimental groups III–VI. Pauls’ index for these destructions in experimental groups I and II is 7.0 and 6.5 times lower than the index in the control animals. Microscopic morphological examination registered the increase of shallow-like erosions in the stomach of animals of experimental groups. Shallow-like erosions do not reach the muscularis mucosae. Microcirculation disorders and leukocyte infiltration are less pronounced than in the control group.Conclusion. F. hystrix has the gastroprotective effect, increasing the resistance of the gastric mucosa to the effect of ethanol. The F. hystrix extract prepared with 30% and 40% ethanol shows the most pronounced pharmacotherapeutic effect in ethanol-induced gastropathy.Цель. Оценка гастропротективного действия сухих экстрактов, полученных с использованием различных экстрагентов из корневищ с корнями Ferulopsis hystrix (Bunge) Pimenov при этаноловом повреждении желудка у белых крыс.Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проведены на 68 самцах и самках крыс линии Вистар. Этаноловую гастропатию моделировали однократным внутрижелудочным введением этанола в дозе 10 мл/кг. Животные опытных групп (I– VI) в течение 7 сут до  моделирования гастропатии получали лекарственные формы из корневищ с корнями F. hystrix: I – отвар в объеме 10 мл/кг; II–V – сухие экстракты в дозе 200 мг/кг, полученные путем экстракции водой очищенной, 30-, 40- и 70%-м этанолом соответственно; VI – сухой экстракт, приготовленный двукратной экстракцией 40%-м и однократной экстракцией 30%-м этанолом. В слизистой оболочке желудка определяли структурные изменения, которые дифференцировали на мелкие, крупные и  полосовидные эрозии. Проводили патоморфологические исследования желудка.Результаты. Установлено, что в I, II, IV и V опытных группах общее количество повреждений в желудке было в среднем на 44% меньше, чем в контроле, в III опытной группе – на 67% и в VI опытной группе – в 3,6 раза. Индекс Паулса для крупных эрозий в I–V опытных группах был ниже контрольного показателя на 38–75%, в VI – на 83%. Полосовидные эрозии не выявлялись у животных III–VI опытных групп; индекс Паулса для данных деструкций в I и II опытных группах был в 7,0 и 6,5 раза ниже показателя контрольных животных. В стенке желудка животных отмечались неглубокие эрозии, не  достигающие мышечной пластинки слизистой оболочки; нарушения микроциркуляции и лейкоцитарная инфильтрация были менее выражены относительно контроля.Заключение. F. hystrix оказывает гастропротективное влияние, повышая  резистентность слизистой оболочки желудка к действию этанола. Наиболее выраженный  фармакотерапевтический эффект проявляет экстракт, приготовленный двукратной экстракцией 40%-м и однократной экстракцией 30%-м этиловым спиртом