BRIDGING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY: THE CONTRIBUTING ROLE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

The demand for fossil fuel energy remains high amid challenges as it relates to its sustainability among the developing countries of the world. Nigeria remains one of the top consumption of fossil fuel energy considering the large deposit of hydrocarbon in some parts of the country. This energy has been widely used globally with attendant implication on climate and environmental crisis. In this study, attempts were made to portray the environmental impact of fossil fuel energy with attendant effect on global temperature and rising water level. Global warming, among other effect of climate change is now noticeable in all facet of the universe and key of the methodology employed in this work is to assess the existing mitigating strategy and recommend long-lasting approach as it relates to efficient energy use. Key of the conclusion from this work futures the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) as sustainable energy fuel

BRIDGING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY: THE CONTRIBUTING ROLE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

The demand for fossil fuel energy remains high amid challenges as it relates to its sustainability among the developing countries of the world. Nigeria remains one of the top consumption of fossil fuel energy considering the large deposit of hydrocarbon in some parts of the country. This energy has been widely used globally with attendant implication on climate and environmental crisis. In this study, attempts were made to portray the environmental impact of fossil fuel energy with attendant effect on global temperature and rising water level. Global warming, among other effect of climate change is now noticeable in all facet of the universe and key of the methodology employed in this work is to assess the existing mitigating strategy and recommend long-lasting approach as it relates to efficient energy use. Key of the conclusion from this work futures the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) as sustainable energy fuel

Off-Grid mobile phone charging systems for rural energy needs

For several decades, rural electrification has remained a formidable challenge, particularly in Nigeria. Financial constraints, difficult rural terrain, inefficient policy, and a lack of industrial community development have all contributed to the grid expansion problem in these areas. These areas are energy-deficient, and their energy demands to keep up with cutting-edge communication technology are constantly rising. As a result, rural areas are confronted with the issue of charging. Consequently, many rural residents are forced to rely on diesel/petrol generators or travel long distances and pay a premium to have their mobile phones charged. Thus, this paper proposes an off-grid solar-powered charging system as an alternative, sustainable solution to meet rural mobile phone energy demand. The methodology employed six-tier architectural features, with the economic comparison metric based on net present value and payback period. Furthermore, the proposed model's performance analysis revealed that the charging rate is dependent on the phone battery type and charger type. Furthermore, the off-grid mobile charging system has a higher net present value ($20,658US) and a shorter payback period of 2.5 years than the alternative investment of a gasolne generator

Unavailability of K-out-of-N: G Systems with non-identical Components Based on Markov Model

The process industry has always been faced with the challenging tasks of determining the overall unavailability of safety instrumented systems (SISs). The unavailability of the safety instrumented system is quantified by considering the average probability of failure on demand. To mitigate these challenges, the IEC 61508 has established analytical formulas for estimating the average probability of failure on demand for K-out-of-N (KooN) architectures. However, these formulas are limited to the system with identical components and this limitation has not been addressed in many researches. Hence, this paper proposes an unavailability model based on Markov Model for different redundant system architectures with non-identical components and generalised formulas are established for non-identical k-out-of-n and n-out-of-n configurations. Furthermore, the proposed model incorporates undetected failure rate and evaluates its impact on the unavailability quantification of SIS. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified with the existing unavailability methods and it is shown that the proposed approach provides a sufficiently robust result for all system architectures. &nbsp

ANALYSIS OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION PATH LOSS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

In this work, a cheaper alternative method of determining path loss using Network cell info lite software is proposed. Hata-Okumura model is used in the determination of path loss and signal strength of mobile communication devices within Ibogun and Ifo, a suburban community in Ogun state, Nigeria. Additionally, this paper is also aimed at determining the path loss under transmission line to ensure proper network planning in areas covered by transmission lines. Result obtained shows that areas with pylons have greater path loss compared to areas with no pylons. It is recommended that the power levels of base station operating in this area should be increased

ANALYSIS OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION PATH LOSS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

In this work, a cheaper alternative method of determining path loss using Network cell info lite software is proposed. Hata-Okumura model is used in the determination of path loss and signal strength of mobile communication devices within Ibogun and Ifo, a suburban community in Ogun state, Nigeria. Additionally, this paper is also aimed at determining the path loss under transmission line to ensure proper network planning in areas covered by transmission lines. Result obtained shows that areas with pylons have greater path loss compared to areas with no pylons. It is recommended that the power levels of base station operating in this area should be increased

MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND LEVEL CONTROL OF COUPLED TANKS SYSTEM

The Couple Tank (CT) system remains as a benchmark to investigate and test new emerging control schemes in the process industry since its dynamic emulates many factual system in the field of process control. In this paper, we examine the performance evaluation of two control algorithms, proportional derivative controller (PD) and proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID). The dynamics of the CT system is experimentally derived by system identification method and validated with a mathematical model that depicts the dynamic behaviour of the coupled tank system. Furthermore, the control schemes are expanded on the model obtained through system identification method. The simulation results showed that the PD controller did not meet all the specified control objectives. To improve the response an integral controller was incorporated to the PD controller and the response was compared to that of the PID controller and uncompensated system. The results revealed that the PID controller satisfied all the control goals. However, the PD controller was more satisfactory in terms of time response criteria

MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND LEVEL CONTROL OF COUPLED TANKS SYSTEM

The Couple Tank (CT) system remains as a benchmark to investigate and test new emerging control schemes in the process industry since its dynamic emulates many factual system in the field of process control. In this paper, we examine the performance evaluation of two control algorithms, proportional derivative controller (PD) and proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID). The dynamics of the CT system is experimentally derived by system identification method and validated with a mathematical model that depicts the dynamic behaviour of the coupled tank system. Furthermore, the control schemes are expanded on the model obtained through system identification method. The simulation results showed that the PD controller did not meet all the specified control objectives. To improve the response an integral controller was incorporated to the PD controller and the response was compared to that of the PID controller and uncompensated system. The results revealed that the PID controller satisfied all the control goals. However, the PD controller was more satisfactory in terms of time response criteria

ANALYSIS OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION PATH LOSS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

In this work, a cheaper alternative method of determining path loss using Network cell info lite software is proposed. Hata-Okumura model is used in the determination of path loss and signal strength of mobile communication devices within Ibogun and Ifo, a suburban community in Ogun state, Nigeria. Additionally, this paper is also aimed at determining the path loss under transmission line to ensure proper network planning in areas covered by transmission lines. Result obtained shows that areas with pylons have greater path loss compared to areas with no pylons. It is recommended that the power levels of base station operating in this area should be increased