Emotionally intelligent chatbots-designing for empathy and emotional support: A review

The integration of emotional Intelligence into chatbots for empathy and support has brought dramatic development to many sectors. The development has led researchers to continue experimenting and studying diverse design techniques (novel and existing) to find the method(s) that best suit the building of emotionally intelligent chatbots. To address this challenge, this paper provides a reviewed literature that extracted features such as the work done, findings, limitations, and the design techniques adopted to either improve an existing model or design a new model. Findings from the reviewed papers indicate that the reviewed paper mostly used the sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model framework while incorporating it with other design techniques to improve on the seq2seq model. This is done based on the domain the model is built. However, other design techniques adopted by other reviewed papers are conditional variational auto-encoder, transformers, and a host of others. Although the researchers also incorporated other models with their main design technique to have a better system model

Evaluating the impact of injecting the 3050MW Mambilla power plant into the Nigerian grid network

The study aims to evaluate the impact of the injection of the 3050 MW Mambilla power plant into the Nigerian National Grid (NNG). To achieve this aim, line and bus data were collated from National Control Centre, Osogbo. The Mambilla power plant was injected at the Makurdi and Jalingo buses respectively in view of determining the optimal injection point. Load flow analysis employing the Newton Raphson technique was first performed without the Mambilla power plant injected into the NNG. The simulation was repeated for the respective power plant injection scenarios. For each case, the voltage profile and line losses were obtained accordingly. Total Voltage Deviations (TVDs) for the various scenarios were computed and used to determine the optimal point of injecting the Mambilla 3050MW power plant to NNG. All simulations were implemented using MATLAB software (version 2020b). A loss of 872.8 MW and 874.1 MW was observed in the network when the Mambilla power plant was injected at Makurdi and Jalingo bus respectively with respect to a base case loss of 876.1 MW. This corresponds to a reduction in a power loss of 0.36% and 0.12% respectively. A TVD of 0.0052 and 0.0169 was observed when the Mambilla power plant was injected at Makurdi and Jalingo buses respectively.  This implies that the voltage condition of the network is better when Mambilla was injected at the Makurdi bus. Hence, the Makurdi bus was identified as the optimal point for injecting the Mambilla 3050 MW power plant since it resulted in a better reduction of the system losses and overall voltage profile improvement of the network

Comparative assessment of the phytochemicals of the leaves and seeds of pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Huth) plant

The pigeon pea plant is one of the plants cultivated in the semi-arid tropics; it is widely cultivated in Nigeria. It is utilized as food and serves medicinal purposes. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the phytochemicals. Pigeon pea leaves and seeds were purchased from farmers in Uromi, Edo state, and Rumugbo phase-2, Obia Akpor Local government area of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The phytochemical components of both the fresh and dried leaves and seeds were determined using the standard method and the results obtained from this study showed that in both the fresh and dried leaves of pigeon peas alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phytosteroids, saponins, tannins, phenol, anthraquinones, quinones, xanthoproteins, and phlobatannin were detected while the acidic compound was absent. While in the fresh and dried seeds of pigeon pea, results obtained revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phytosteroids, saponins, anthraquinones, and quinones were present while tannins, phenol, xanthoproteins, phlobatannin, and acidic compound were absent. Phytochemical compounds of the ethanolic extract of the fresh and dried leaves and seeds of pigeon peas were determined using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy and a total of 30, 13, 32, and 38 bioactive constituents were detected in the fresh leaves, dried leaves, fresh seeds, and dried seeds respectively using their retention times (RT) and mass-to-charge ratios (m/z)

State-of-the-art methods for sentiment prediction

Social media sentiment analysis has become a trendy issue recently. It is used and supported by numerous organizations across many industries due to its useful applications. To obtain insights, marketers are keen to hear what customers have to say. The difficulties in acquiring, deciphering, and extracting useful information from the vast amount of data that is constantly generated have multiplied. Crunching social data is still difficult, despite advances in technology and increased computational power. This well-organized study is devoted to comprehending the current state of sentiment analysis as a whole, including typical techniques, gaps, and methodologies. This study uses a logical approach to find, acquire empirical data, critically evaluate, and integrate the findings of all relevant to respond to certain research questions about the specified research topic. Additionally, this research defines the various sentiment analysis types and methods. This study holds its significance in light of these two contributions

Optimal sizing of a hybrid photovoltaic/fuel cell grid-connected power system including hydrogen storage

The global energy demand is enormous, yet nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels, and nuclear power are insufficient to satisfy it. Renewable energy will eventually be the better option. This study investigates the design and optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic / fuel cell (PV/FC) energy system with an H2 tank linked to the grid. The primary objective of this research is to design and size a PV/FC energy system with an H2 storage tank to supply the energy needs of a university ICT center that is connected to an inconsistent grid. HOMER's energy-balance algorithms were used to determine the best design architecture. Using mean solar radiation data (22 years) obtained for the University of Benin ICT Center, hourly simulations were performed to determine the optimum configuration in terms of size, cost, and performance of the energy system. Findings revealed that a hybrid PV/FC power system with a 400 kW solar array, a 250 kW FC, a 240 kW inverter, and a 150 kW electrolyzer with an H2 tank of 700 kg will reliably supplement the inconsistent grid with a high proportion (92%) of renewable resources at $0.1052/kWh. An energy cost reduction of approximately 88 percent and a return on investment of 200 percent with a present value of$98,251,110 could be obtained in less than 2 years over the traditional grid/diesel systems. Using an ideally sized PV/FC hybrid system will alleviate Nigeria's electrical challenges, impeding the country's economic growth. Furthermore, hybrid PV/FC power systems can reduce CO2 emissions, resulting in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable environment

Comparative analysis of the economics and reliability of pure solar energy and utility supply

The increasing demand for energy and the need to transition to renewable sources has led to a growing interest in the use of solar energy. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the economy and reliability of pure solar energy systems and utility supply in a small load area. The energy requirement of the chosen load area was estimated and the appropriate sizing of the solar system was made. The study uses the payback period method to estimate the economy and the Monte Carlo method to estimate the reliability. Load estimation was performed to determine the appropriate solar systems, which were then modelled using PVSyst. The results of the study show that solar energy can be a cost-effective and reliable alternative to utility supply; with a consistent maintenance cost of 4 % per annum, the return on investment was calculated to be 14.1 % per annum at a supply current tariff of ₦ 61.34 per kWh. The payback period showed that the investment in a solar photovoltaic (PV) system can be recovered in six years and nine months (6 years, 9 months). The Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated the reliability of the energy supply in a solar PV system compared to the Nigerian utility supply with the reliability index of the solar system being 93.81 % and that of the utility supply at 55.73 %

Fabrication of a GSM-based intruder detection system prototype based on ultrasonic sensor

The design and construction of GSM based ultrasonic intruder detection system for detecting an intruder through a protected environment was carried out and presented in this paper. An alarm is triggered when intrusion is detected through the use of ultrasonic sensor. Also, SMS is sent in the form of text to the owner’s mobile number via the GSM module being installed. The configuration and coordination required for the system units to function effectively were carried out by a programmed ATMEGA16 microcontroller. AC and DC voltage supplies were incorporated into the system to provide a constant power supply. The fabricated system was tested and found to work successfully in accordance with the target design specifications carried out as the intruder was successfully detected and SMS sent

Development of wireless sensor nodes for data acquisition in petroleum pipelines

Data acquisition of parameters from oil and gas pipelines aids in the economic growth of any oil-producing nation; which in turn increases the efficiency, safety and lifespan of these pipelines significantly. This work focused on the development of the data sensors (pressure, flow and temperature sensors), Nodboxes and D-station. The Nodbox was designed using an ATmega 328p microprocessor as the control unit and an NRF 24l01+ transceiver as the wireless transmission path. Five (5) Nodboxes were designed; with one serving as the receiver at the D-station. A testbed was designed to demonstrate the reality of this system. MATLAB was used to design the GUI of the D-station to display and analyze data received graphically. Pressure, flow and temperature data were successfully transmitted from the pipeline network of the testbed to the D-station wirelessly up to a distance of 1.1km. It is cost-effective as it requires about 5 million naira to implement compared to existing systems

Reliability investigation of power system in Nigeria

Power systems meet the demands of the consumers. However, largely unavoidable interruptions contribute to the unavailability of power supply. The sustained interruptions are the cause that greatly affects both the utility company and its customers.  In this study, the investigation of power system reliability in the Ikeja Distribution Network was evaluated using the reliability indices. The analysis was done using statistical analytical methods and MATLAB software. Statistical analytical methods provide useful and higher accuracy of result since it provides high tolerance to uncertainties. The reliability data obtained from the utility substation was analysed as the outages from the utility company. The simulation indices results are shown as follows; Average Service Availability Index (ASAI) is 0.8841pu, the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) is 0.7239 f/customer in a year, the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) is 3.8004 h/customer in a year, the Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) is 8.38 h/customer interruption in February and ASAI has as highest 0.9772 in December, SAIFI has 0.1418/customer has highest in January. While the Average Service Unavailability Index (ASUI) has an average value of 0.1159 pu/y

Detecting defects in noncommissioned oil and gas pipelines using a ground robotic vehicle with thermal image processing

Leak detection is one of the most crucial aspects of oil and gas pipeline operation. These leaks are a result of defects that may have been present before laying the pipes. Early defect detection helps a lot to save both service and maintenance costs, as well as prevent possible operational shutdowns and damages. Several methods are used for leak detection and defect identification, but most often, the approaches are usually from the external structural view of the pipes. This paper presents an internal pipe approach to defect detection through the application of a robot equipped with a thermal imaging system. The robot is developed around a Raspberry Pi B+ ARM11-based microcomputer with a Graphic Processing Unit to support a video/photographic camera. Image capture points were obtained by the location of object distance and image frame sizing. Acquired images are processed with a modified image processing algorithm using Gaussian and Sobel filters with morphological transformation in OpenCV. Results show good performance of the robot’s movement and image capture points at distances less than 80cm. Processed images also indicate areas of defects within the pipe internals